Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds
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Transcript of Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds
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Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds
MACROSCOPIC SCALEElements combine to make compounds.
ATOMIC SCALEAtoms combine to make molecules, or
extended structures.
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What we’ll cover…• Compound Formulas• Ions
– Monatomic– Polyatomic
• Ionic Compounds• Molecular Compounds• Other types of extended Structures
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Compound Formulas
Examples:NaCl
CH3OH
(NH4)2SO4
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Three Types of Compounds
Molecular Covalent Extended Covalent
Ionic
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Types of Formulas
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IONS
CationsFormed by losing
electrons.Have a positive
charge.Formed mainly
from metals.
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IONS
CationsFormed by losing
electrons.Have a positive
charge.Formed mainly
from metals.
AnionsFormed by
gaining electrons.
Have a negative charge.
Formed mainly from nonmetals.
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Monatomic Ions- Formed from single atoms
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Naming IONS
CationsName of element + “ion”Na+ = sodium ionMg2+ = magnesium ion
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Naming IONS
CationsName of element + “ion”Na+ = sodium ionMg2+ = magnesium ion
AnionsName of element with
–ide ending + “ion”Cl- = chloride ionO2- = oxide ion
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Polyatomic Ions you need to know
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Ionic Compound Formulas
Total cation charge = Total anion charge
Ex: Na+ and Cl- make ________
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Ionic Compound Formulas
Total cation charge = Total anion charge
Ex: Na+ and Cl- make NaClMg2+ and Cl- make ________
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Ionic Compound Formulas
Total cation charge = Total anion charge
Ex: Na+ and Cl- make NaClMg2+ and Cl- make MgCl2
NH4+ and SO4
2- make _________
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Naming Ionic Compounds
Name = cation name + anion name
Ex:NaCl =NH4Br =
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Molecular Compounds
Nonmetal + nonmetal gives molecular compound
Ex: C + O
S + O
C + H
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Aside on gas prices…
Crude oil
Propane
Butane
Jet Fuel
Gasoline
Diesel/Heating
Longer molecules(asphalt/tar)
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Predicting Molecular Compound Formulas
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Naming Molecular Compounds
Binary Compounds form between 2 elements
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Naming Molecular Compounds
Binary Compounds form with 2 elements
Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion.
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Naming Molecular Compounds
Binary Compounds form with 2 elements
Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion.
Use prefixes to indicate numbers:2 = di3 = tri4 = tetra5 = penta
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Network Solids
• Held together like a molecule• Large and extended