Chapter #2Matter

Notes 2.1

• Chemistry: is the branch of science that studies composition of matter and how it changes.

• Matter: is anything that has mass and occupies space. Examples air, water, you…

• Light, sound, and electricity are not matter. They have no mass or volume.

• Element: is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

• Atom: is the smallest particle that has the properties of an element.

1 square on the periodic table

2 or more squares on the periodic table

• Compound: is a substance made of atoms of more than one element chemically bound together.

• Molecule: is the smallest unit of a substance that exhibits all the properties characteristic of that substance.

• Chemical Formula is used to show how many atoms of each element are present.

• Subscripts little numbers. Represent # of atoms

ExamplesCH4

C6H12O6

C16H10N2O2

H2O

• A pure substance is any matter that has a fixed composition and definite properties.

• A mixture is a combination of more than one pure substance. They are physically mixed.

• Miscible describes two or more liquids that are able to dissolve into each other in various proportions.

• Immiscible describes two or more liquids that do not mix into each other.

• A heterogeneous mixture is a combination of substances that are not uniformly mixed. Ex.. Italian Dressing

• In a homogeneous mixture the substances are uniformly mixed throughout the compound. Ex.. Salt water

Hetero

Chapter 2.2 Notes

Kinetic Theory

1. All Matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles.

2. These particles are always in motion.

3. The higher the temp the faster they move

4. At the same temp heavy gases are slower than lighter gases.

3 States of matter• Solid particles have a rigid structure and a

definite shape and volume• Liquid particles are fluids the particles can

slide past one another. No definite shape but a definite volume

• Gas particles are fluid. No definite shape or volume.

• Viscosity- the resistance of liquid to flow…

• The thicker it is the higher the viscosity.

• Evaporate- changing from a liquid to a gas.

• Condenses- changing from a gas to a liquid.

• Melting- changing from a solid to a liquid.

• Freezing- changing from a liquid to a solid

• Sublimation- changing from a solid to a gas

Evaporation

• The law of conservation of mass- Mass cannot be created or destroyed.

• The law of conservation of energy- Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Chapter 2.3 Notes

Chemical Properties – the way a substance reacts to form new substance with different properties

1. Reactivity – the ability to combine chemically with another substance

2. Flammability – is the ability of a substance to burn when reacting with oxygen and being exposed to a flame

Physical property – a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance

1. Melting point – the temperature in which a substance turn from a solid to a liquid

2. Boiling point – the temperature at which a substance turn from a liquid to a gas

• Density – the mass per unit volume of a substance

• Density equation

D=m/V

Density=mass/volume

• Buoyancy-the force with which a more dense fluid pushes a less dense substance upward

• Chemical change- a change that occurs when a substance changes composition by forming one or more new substances

• Odor, fire, light, rusting

• Physical change- a change in the physical form or properties of a substance that occurs without a change in composition

Changes in state from solid to liquid to gas are physical changes it is still the same substance…

Work cited• “Cartoon”. Dec. 12, 2007. http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~sander/lecture.gif• “Pure Substances Diagram”. Dec. 12, 2007. http://faculty.colostate-pueblo.edu/linda.wilkes/111/2a.4.gif• “Matter Diagram”. Dec. 12, 2007.

http://www.personal.kent.edu/~cearley/ChemWrld/compounds/matter.gif• “Heterogeneous Mixture.” Dec. 12, 2007. http://www.arborsci.com/CoolStuff/magnetic_seperation.jpg• “Homogeneous Mixture.” Dec. 12, 2007.

http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/7/77/180px-SaltInWaterSolutionLiquid.jpg

• “Immiscible”. Dec. 12, 2007. http://www.csiro.au/helix/sciencemail/activities/images/EmulsionStepOne.jpg

• “Miscible”. Dec. 12, 2007. http://employees.csbsju.edu/hjakubowski/classes/ch111/olsg-ch111/solutions/animliqsat.gif

• States of Matter. Dec. 14, 2007. http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/gifs/statesofmatter.gif• “Motor oil viscosity”. Dec. 14, 2007.

http://www.smartsynthetics.com/images/cold-temp-hot-temp-viscosity.jpg• “Pouring Motor oil”. Dec. 14, 2007. http://www.trucktestdigest.com/images/Oil%20wrong%20viscosity.jpg• “Change of state flow chart”. Dec. 14, 2007.

http://resources.yesican-science.ca/lpdd/g07/lp/nelson/states.gif• “Fireplace”. Dec. 18, 2007. http://z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/8/W/P/fireplace.jpg• “Flask on fire”. Dec. 18, 2007. http://htdconnect.com/~chargers/chem/Image3.jpg• “Chemical change pictures”. Dec. 18, 2007.

http://www.ric.edu/faculty/ptiskus/chemical/index_files/mcmcb3fe%5B1%5D.gif• “Physical changes chart”. Dec. 18, 2007.

http://www.schools.pinellas.k12.fl.us/educators/tec/Davis2/matter.ppt/img008.gif• “Change in state”. Dec. 18, 2007.

http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/geology/images/change_state_sm.gif