Chapter 2 Matter & Change. Matter Anything that has mass & takes up space All materials you hold or...
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Transcript of Chapter 2 Matter & Change. Matter Anything that has mass & takes up space All materials you hold or...
![Page 1: Chapter 2 Matter & Change. Matter Anything that has mass & takes up space All materials you hold or touch Air you breathe.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d925503460f94a78848/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 2
Matter & Change
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Matter
Anything that has mass & takes up spaceAll materials you hold or touch
Air you breathe
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Mass = a measure of the amount of matter an object contains
Volume = measure of the space occupied by an object
Substance = type of matter with a fixed composition (can be an element or a compound)
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Physical Properties
Quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substances composition
color, shape, odor, texture, density
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Intensive Properties
Physical properties depend upon the type of matter in a sample, not the amount, it helps you determine what a substance is Melting point, Density, Viscosity, Color
Every sample of a given substance has the identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition
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Extensive Properties
Physical properties that depend upon the amount of matter in a sample on hand & do not help you determine what a substance is Mass Length Volume
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This blue crystal has a mass of 0.32g and a density of 3.20 g/cm3.It is not malleable and has a volume of 0.1 cm3
Which properties listed are intensive?3.2 g/cm3, not malleable, blue
Which properties listed are extensive?0.32g, 0.1cm3
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States of Matter: Solid
Particles are in a fixed position – therefore, they have a rigid structure
Particles have almost no freedom to change position; they change position around a fixed point
Not easily compressed
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States of Matter: Liquid
Particles are close together and move freely around each other
Liquids vary in viscosity (the resistance of a fluid to flow – thickness)
molasses vs. vinegar Not easily compressed
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States of Matter: Gas
Particles expand to fill available space, move constantly and rarely stick together
Gas exerts pressure (force exerted per unit area of a surface) and will escape its container if possible – balloons, propane tanks, gas grills
Easily compressed
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Physical Changes
Properties of a material change; however, the composition of the material does not change
Can be reversible Melting, boiling
Can be Irreversible Slicing, cutting
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Mixtures
Mixture a combination of two or more components
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Hetero vs. Homogeneous
Homogeneous mixture = contains two or more gases, liquids, or solids that are blended evenly throughoutVinegar, salt water, margarine,
gasoline Heterogeneous mixture = a mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easilyFruit salad, trail mix, granite
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Which is which?
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
P
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Separating Mixtures
Filtration = separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture
Distillation = process used to separate dissolved solids from a liquid (boiling and then condensing)
Evaporation
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Substance
Matter that has a uniform and definite composition
Every sample has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition
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Elements and Compounds
Compound two or more elements that are chemically combined, can be broken down into simpler substances
Water Hydrogen & Oxygen Element substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances composed of one type of atom
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Chemical Properties of Matter
The way a substance reacts with another to form a new substance with different properties
Involve reactivity – ability of a substance to combine chemically with another substance
Chemical properties of compounds vary from the individual elements that they are made from
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Chemical Changes
Chemical changes are changes in composition – atoms are changed or rearranged
bumper with rust
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Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass can not be created or destroyed
Total mass of all matter stays the same as before the change – it changes from one form to another
From ice to liquid to gas, it will all have the same mass
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Molecules
Molecule smallest unit of a substance that exhibits all of the properties characteristic of that substance
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Chemical Formula
Chemical shorthand that uses symbols and numbers indicating the elements in a compound and their ratios
C6H8N4O2 Theobromine (chocolate)
C6H12O6 Fructose (sugar)
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The End