Chapter 2 Getting Connected - Elsevier · 2011-03-04 · Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All...
Transcript of Chapter 2 Getting Connected - Elsevier · 2011-03-04 · Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All...
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1Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 2
Computer Networks, 5th Edition
Getting Connected
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2Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.1 An end-user’s view of the Internet.
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3Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.2 Electromagnetic spectrum.
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4Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.3 Signals travel between signalling components; bits flow between adaptors.
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5Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.4 NRZ encoding of a bit stream.
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6Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.5 Different encoding strategies.
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7Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.6 Bits flow between adaptors, frames between hosts.
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8Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.7 BISYNC frame format.
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9Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.8 PPP frame format.
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10Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.9 DDCMP frame format.
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11Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.10 HDLC frame format.
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12Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.11 A SONET STS-1 frame.
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13Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.12 Three STS-1 frames multiplexed onto one STS-3c frame.
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14Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.13 SONET frames out of phase.
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FIGURE 2.14 Two-dimensional parity.
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16Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.15 CRC calculation using polynomial long division.
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17Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.16 CRC calculation using shift register.
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18Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.17 Timeline showing four different scenarios for the stop-and-wait algorithm. (a) The ACK is received before the timer expires; (b) the original frame is lost; (c) the ACK is lost; (d) the timeout fires too soon.
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19Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.18 Timeline for stop-and-wait with 1-bit sequence number.
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20Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.19 Timeline for the sliding window algorithm.
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21Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.20 Sliding window on sender.
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22Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.21 Sliding window on receiver.
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23Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.22 Ethernet transceiver and adaptor.
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24Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.23 Ethernet repeater.
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25Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.24 Ethernet hub.
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26Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.25 Ethernet frame format.
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27Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.26 Worst-case scenario: (a) A sends a frame at time t; (b) A’s frame arrives at B at time t + d; (c) B begins transmitting at time t + d and collides with A’s frame; (d) B’s runt (32-bit) frame arrives at A at time t + 2d.
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28Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.27 Example 4-bit chipping sequence.
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FIGURE 2.28 A wireless network using a base station.
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FIGURE 2.29 A wireless ad hoc or mesh network.
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31Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.30 The hidden node problem. Although A and C are hidden from each other, their signals can collide at B. (B’s reach is not shown.)
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32Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.31 The exposed node problem. Although B and C are exposed to each other’s signals, there is no interference if B transmits to A while C transmits to D. (A and D’s reaches are not shown.)
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33Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.32 Access points connected to a distribution system.
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34Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.33 Node mobility.
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35Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.34 802.11 frame format.
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FIGURE 2.35 A Bluetooth piconet.
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37Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.36 Diagram for Exercise 1.
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38Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
FIGURE 2.37 Diagram for Exercises 36 to 38.