CHAPTER 2 Elementary and Secondary Educationnces.ed.gov/pubs2014/2014015_2.pdfCHAPTER 2: Elementary...

CHAPTER 2Elementary and Secondary Education

This chapter contains a variety of statistics on public andprivate elementary and secondary education. Data are pre-sented for enrollments, teachers and other school staff,schools, dropouts, achievement, school violence, and reve-nues and expenditures. These data are derived from surveys,censuses, and administrative data collections conducted bythe National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) andother public and private organizations. The informationranges from counts of students and schools to state gradua-tion requirements.

EnrollmentsPublic elementary and secondary school enrollment rose

from 49.1 million in 2005 to 49.5 million in 2010, an increaseof 1 percent (table 39 and figure 7). Public elementary enroll-ment (prekindergarten through grade 8) was 1 percent higherin 2010 (34.6 million) than in 2005 (34.2 million), while pub-lic secondary enrollment was less than 1 percent lower in2010 (14.9 million) than in 2005 (14.9 million).

From 2005 to 2010, changes in public school enrollmentvaried from state to state (table 36 and figure 8). Increasesoccurred in 28 states from 2005 to 2010, while decreasesoccurred in 22 states and the District of Columbia. The larg-est public school enrollment increases occurred in Utah (15percent) and Texas (9 percent), and 7 other states hadincreases of at least 5 percent. The largest decrease in publicschool enrollment occurred in Michigan (a decrease of 9percent), and 2 other states and the District of Columbia haddecreases of at least 5 percent.

Enrollments in private elementary and secondary schoolsdecreased by an estimated 11 percent between 2005 and2010, from 6.1 million to 5.4 million (table 76). In 2010, pri-vate school students made up about 10 percent of all elemen-tary and secondary school students.

In 2011, about 64 percent of 3- to 5-year-olds wereenrolled in preprimary education (nursery school and kin-dergarten), the same as the percentage in 2000 (table 56 andfigure 9). However, the percentage of children in full-dayprograms increased from 2000 to 2011. In 2011, about 59percent of the children enrolled in preprimary educationattended a full-day preprimary program, compared with 53percent in 2000.

A higher percentage of 4-year-old children (57 percent)were cared for primarily in center-based programs during

the day in 2005–06 than had no regular nonparental care (20percent) or were cared for primarily in home-based settingsby relatives (13 percent) or by nonrelatives (8 percent) (table60). There were differences in the average quality of carechildren received in these settings. A higher percentage ofchildren in Head Start and other center-based programs (35percent) received high-quality care than those in home-based relative and nonrelative care (9 percent), according tothe ratings of trained observers (table 61).

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA),enacted in 1975, mandates that children and youth ages 3–21with disabilities be provided a free and appropriate publicschool education. The percentage of total public schoolenrollment that represents children served by federally sup-ported special education programs increased from 8.3 per-cent to 13.8 percent between 1976–77 and 2004–05 (table48). Much of this overall increase can be attributed to a risein the percentage of students identified as having specificlearning disabilities from 1976–77 (1.8 percent) to 2004–05(5.7 percent). The overall percentage of students beingserved in programs for those with disabilities decreasedbetween 2004–05 (13.8 percent) and 2010–11 (13.0 per-cent). However, there were different patterns of change inthe percentages served with some specific conditionsbetween 2004–05 and 2010–11. The percentage of childrenidentified as having other health impairments (limitedstrength, vitality, or alertness due to chronic or acute healthproblems such as a heart condition, tuberculosis, rheumaticfever, nephritis, asthma, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, epi-lepsy, lead poisoning, leukemia, or diabetes) rose from 1.1to 1.4 percent of total public school enrollment, the percent-age with autism rose from 0.4 to 0.8 percent, and the per-centage with developmental delay rose from 0.7 to 0.8percent. The percentage of children with specific learningdisabilities declined from 5.7 percent to 4.8 percent of totalpublic school enrollment during this period. In fall 2010,some 95 percent of 6- to 21-year-old students with disabili-ties were served in regular schools; 3 percent were served ina separate school for students with disabilities; 1 percentwere placed in regular private schools by their parents; andless than 1 percent each were served in one of the followingenvironments: in a separate residential facility, homeboundor in a hospital, or in a correctional facility (table 50).

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2012 63

64 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Teachers and Other School StaffDuring the 1970s and early 1980s, public school enroll-

ment decreased, while the number of teachers generallyincreased. For public schools, the number of pupils perteacher—that is, the pupil/teacher ratio1—declined from22.3 in 1970 to 17.9 in 1985 (table 76 and figure 7). Afterenrollment started increasing in 1985, the public schoolpupil/teacher ratio continued to decline, reaching 17.2 in1989. After a period of relative stability during the late1980s through the mid-1990s, the ratio declined from 17.3 in1995 to 15.4 in 2009. The public school pupil/teacher ratioincreased to 16.0 in 2010. By comparison, the pupil/teacherratio for private schools was estimated at 12.2 in 2010. Theaverage class size in 2007–08 was 20.0 pupils for public ele-mentary schools and 23.4 pupils for public secondaryschools (table 79).

In 2007–08, some 76 percent of public school teacherswere female, 44 percent were under age 40, and 52 percenthad a master’s or higher degree (table 80). Compared withpublic school teachers, a lower percentage of private schoolteachers were female (74 percent), were under age 40 (39percent), and had a master’s or higher degree (38 percent).

Public school principals tend to be older and have moreadvanced credentials than public school teachers. In2007–08, some 19 percent of public school principals wereunder age 40, and 99 percent of public school principals hada master’s or higher degree (table 97). A lower percentage ofprincipals than of teachers were female: about 50 percent ofpublic school principals were female, compared with 76 per-cent of teachers.

From 1969–70 to 1980, there was an 8 percent increase inthe number of public school teachers, compared with a 48percent increase in the number of all other public schoolstaff2 (table B and table 92). Consequently, the percentage ofstaff who were teachers declined from 60 percent in 1969–70to 52 percent in 1980. From 1980 to 2010, the number ofteachers and the number of all other staff grew at more simi-lar rates (42 and 56 percent, respectively) than they did in the1970s. As a result, the proportion of teachers among totalstaff was 2 percentage points lower in 2010 than in 1980, incontrast to the decrease of 8 percentage points during the1970s. Two staff categories increased more than 100 percentbetween 1980 and 2010—instructional aides, which rose 125percent, and instruction coordinators, which rose 237 per-cent. Taken together, the percentage of staff with directinstructional responsibilities (teachers and instructionalaides) increased from 60 to 62 percent between 1980 and

2010. In 2010, there were 8 pupils per staff member (totalstaff) at public schools, compared with 10 pupils per staffmember in 1980 (table 92). At private schools in 2007–08,the number of pupils per staff member was 7 (table 72).

Schools During most of the last century, the trend to consolidate

small schools brought declines in the total number of publicschools in the United States. In 1929–30, there were approx-imately 248,000 public schools, compared with about99,000 in 2010–11 (table 98). However, the number of pub-lic schools has increased in recent decades: between1988–89 and 2006–07, there was an increase of approxi-mately 15,600 schools. Since 2006–07, the number of publicschools has remained relatively stable, varying by about 200schools or less from year to year.

While the total number of public schools in the countryhas remained around 99,000 in recent years, new schoolshave opened and some schools have closed. In 2010–11,there were 1,929 school closures (table 109). The schoolsthat closed had enrolled about 321,000 students in the priorschool year (2009–10). Of the schools that closed, 1,486were regular schools, 72 were special education schools, 7were vocational schools, and 364 were alternative schools.The number of schools that closed in 2010–11 was higherthan the number in 2000–01 (1,193); however, the numberof annual school closures has fluctuated during this period,ranging from around 1,200 to 2,200. School closures do notnecessarily reflect the number of school buildings that havebeen closed, since a single school may share a building withanother school, or one school may have multiple buildings.

Since the early 1970s, public school systems have beenshifting away from junior high schools (schools consistingof either grades 7 and 8 or grades 7 to 9) and toward middleschools (a subset of elementary schools beginning withgrade 4, 5, or 6 and ending with grade 6, 7, or 8) (table 105).Although the number of all elementary schools (schoolsbeginning with grade 6 or below and having no grade higherthan 8) was similar in 1970–71 and 2000–01 (64,000 in1970–71 and 64,600 in 2000–01), the number of middleschools was 462 percent higher in 2000–01 than in 1970–71(11,700 vs. 2,100). During the same period, the number ofjunior high schools declined by 57 percent (from 7,800 in1970–71 to 3,300 in 2000–01). Between 2000–01 and2010–11, the number of all elementary schools rose by 4

1The pupil/teacher ratio is based on all teachers—including teachers for stu-dents with disabilities and other special teachers—and all students enrolledin the fall of the school year. Unlike the pupil/teacher ratio, the averageclass size excludes students and teachers in classes that are exclusively forspecial education students. Class size averages are based on surveys ofteachers reporting on the counts of students in their classes. 2“All other public school staff” includes administrative staff, principals,librarians, guidance counselors, secretaries, custodial staff, food serviceworkers, school bus drivers, and other professional and nonprofessional staff.

Table B. Number of public school staff, by selected categories: 1969–70, 1980, and 2010

[In thousands]

Selected staff category 1969–70 1980 2010

Total .................................................... 3,361 4,168 6,195Teachers.................................................. 2,016 2,184 3,099Instructional aides ................................... 57 326 732Instruction coordinators........................... 32 21 69

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statis-tics, Statistics of State School Systems, 1969–70; Statistics of Public Elemen-tary and Secondary Schools, 1980; and Common Core of Data (CCD), “StateNonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 2010–11.

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CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 65

percent to 67,100, while the subset of middle schools rose by12 percent to 13,000. During the same period, the number ofjunior high schools declined by 14 percent to 2,900.

The average number of students in public elementaryschools declined from 477 students in 2000–01 to 475 stu-dents in 2010–11 (table 107). The average enrollment size ofpublic secondary schools increased from 707 students in1998–99 to 722 in 2003–04, but then decreased to an aver-age of 684 students in 2010–11. The average size of regularpublic secondary schools—which exclude alternative, spe-cial education, and vocational education schools—waslower in 2010–11 (790) than in 2000–01 (795).

High School Graduatesand Dropouts

About 3,376,000 high school students are expected tograduate during the 2012–13 school year (table 122), includ-ing 3,092,000 public school graduates and 283,000 privateschool graduates. High school graduates include only recipi-ents of diplomas, not recipients of equivalency credentials.The 2012–13 projection of high school graduates is lowerthan the record-high of 3,435,000 graduates for 2009–10, butexceeds the high point during the baby boom era in 1975–76,when 3,142,000 students earned diplomas. In 2009–10, anestimated 78.2 percent of public high school students gradu-ated on time—that is, received a diploma 4 years after begin-ning their freshman (9th-grade) year (table 124).

The number of General Educational Development (GED)credentials issued by the states to GED test passers rose from330,000 in 1977 to 487,000 in 2000 (table 127). A recordnumber of 648,000 GED credentials were issued in 2001. In2002, there were revisions to the GED test and to the datareporting procedures. In 2001, test takers were required tosuccessfully complete all five components of the GED orelse begin the five-part series again with the new test thatwas introduced in 2002. Prior to 2002, reporting was basedon summary data from the states on the number of GED cre-dentials issued. As of 2002, reporting has been based onindividual GED candidate- and test-level records collectedby the GED Testing Service. In 2011, some 434,000 passedthe GED tests, up from 330,000 in 2002, the first year of thenew test series.3

The percentage of dropouts among 16- to 24-year-oldshas shown some decreases over the past 20 years (table 128).This percentage, known as the status dropout rate, includesall people in the 16- to 24-year-old age group who are notenrolled in school and who have not completed a high schoolprogram, regardless of when they left school. (People wholeft school but went on to receive a GED credential are nottreated as dropouts.) Between 1990 and 2011, the statusdropout rate declined from 12.1 to 7.1 percent. Although the

status dropout rate declined for both Blacks and Hispanicsduring this period, their rates (7.3 and 13.6 percent, respec-tively) remained higher than the rate for Whites (5.1 percent)in 2011. This measure is based on the civilian noninstitution-alized population, which excludes people in prisons, peoplein the military, and other people not living in households.

AchievementMost of the student performance data in the Digest are

drawn from the National Assessment of Educational Prog-ress (NAEP). The NAEP assessments have been conductedusing three basic designs: the national main NAEP, stateNAEP (which includes the Trial Urban District Assess-ment), and national long-term trend NAEP. The main NAEPreports current information for the nation and specific geo-graphic regions of the country. The assessment programincludes students drawn from both public and privateschools and reports results for student achievement at grades4, 8, and 12. The main NAEP assessments follow the frame-works developed by the National Assessment GoverningBoard and use the latest advances in assessment methodol-ogy. Because the assessment items reflect curricula associ-ated with specific grade levels, the main NAEP uses samplesof students at those grade levels.

Since 1990, NAEP assessments have also been con-ducted at the state level. Each participating state receivesassessment results that report on the performance of studentsin that state. In its content, the state assessment is identical tothe assessment conducted nationally. From 1990 through2001, the national sample was a subset of the combined sam-ple of students assessed in each participating state alongwith an additional sample from the states that did not partic-ipate in the state assessment. For mathematics, reading, sci-ence, and writing assessments since 2002, a combinedsample of public schools has been selected for 4th- and 8th-grade national and state (including Trial Urban DistrictAssessment) NAEP.

NAEP long-term trend assessments are designed to giveinformation on the changes in the basic achievement level ofAmerica’s youth since the early 1970s. They are adminis-tered nationally and report student performance in readingand mathematics at ages 9, 13, and 17. Measuring long-termtrends of student achievement requires the precise replica-tion of past procedures. For example, students of specificages are sampled in order to maintain consistency with theoriginal sample design. Similarly, the long-term trend instru-ment does not evolve based on changes in curricula or ineducational practices. The differences in proceduresbetween the main NAEP and the long-term trend NAEPmean that their results cannot be compared directly.

Reading

Reported on a scale of 0 to 500, NAEP long-term trendresults in reading are available for 12 assessment yearsgoing back to the first in 1971. The average reading score for9-year-olds was higher in 2008 than in all previous assess-

3Information on changes in GED test series and reporting is based on the2003 edition of Who Passed the GED Tests?, by the GED Testing Serviceof the American Council on Education, as well as communication with staffof the GED Testing Service.



ment years, increasing 4 points since 2004 and 12 points incomparison to 1971 (table 140). While the average score for13-year-olds in 2008 was higher than in both 2004 and 1971,it was not significantly different from the scores in someassessment years in between. The average reading score for17-year-olds was higher in 2008 than in 2004 but was notsignificantly different from the score in 1971.

White, Black, and Hispanic 9-, 13-, and 17-year-olds allhad higher average reading scores in 2008 than they did inthe first assessment year (which is 1975 for Hispanic stu-dents because separate data for Hispanics were not collectedin 1971). At age 9, White, Black, and Hispanic studentsscored higher in 2008, on average, than in any previousassessment year. In comparison to 2004, average readingscores were higher in 2008 for White students at all threeages, for Black students at ages 9 and 13, and for Hispanicstudents at age 9. Reading results for 2008 continued toshow gaps in scores between White and Black students(ranging from 21 to 29 points, depending on age) andbetween White and Hispanic students (ranging from 21 to 26points). From 2004 to 2008, no significant changes wereseen in these reading score gaps. However, the White-Blackreading gap was smaller in 2008 than in 1971 at all threeages, and the White-Hispanic reading gap narrowed at ages9 and 17 in comparison to 1975.

In 2008, female students continued to have higher aver-age reading scores than male students at all three ages. Thegap between male and female 9-year-olds was 7 points in2008 (based on unrounded scores); this was not significantlydifferent from the gap in 2004 but was narrower than the gapin 1971. The 8-point gender gap for 13-year-olds in 2008was not significantly different from the gaps in either 2004or 1971. At age 17, the 11-point gap between males andfemales in 2008 was not significantly different from the gapsin any of the previous assessment years.

The main NAEP assessment data were first collected in1992 and are reported on a scale of 0 to 500. From 2009 to2011, there were no measurable changes in average readingscores for 4th-grade males and females or for 4th-grade stu-dents from any of the five racial/ethnic groups with scoresreported in both assessment years (table 141). From 1992 to2011, male 4th-graders’ average reading scores increasedfrom 213 to 218 and female 4th-graders’ scores increasedfrom 221 to 225. The 2011 average NAEP reading scalescore for 8th-graders was 1 point higher than the 2009 scoreand 5 points higher than the 1992 score. For 12th-graders,the 2009 average reading score was 4 points lower than thescore in 1992 but 2 points higher than the score in 2005(12th-graders were not assessed in 2007 or 2011).

The 2011 main NAEP reading assessment of states foundthat the average reading proficiency of public school 4th-and 8th-graders varied across participating jurisdictions (the50 states, the Department of Defense overseas and domesticschools, and the District of Columbia). For 4th-graders inpublic schools, the U.S. average score was 220, with averagescores in participating jurisdictions ranging from 201 in theDistrict of Columbia to 237 in Massachusetts (table 146).

For 8th-graders in public schools, the U.S. average scorewas 264, with average scores in participating jurisdictionsranging from 242 in the District of Columbia to 275 in Con-necticut, Massachusetts, and New Jersey (table 148).

Mathematics

NAEP long-term trend mathematics results, reported on ascale of 0 to 500, are available for 11 assessment years,going back to the first in 1973. In 2008, average mathemat-ics scores for 9-year-olds (243) and 13-year-olds (281) werehigher than in all previous assessment years (table 157). Theaverage score for 9-year-olds in 2008 was 4 points higherthan in 2004 and 24 points higher than in 1973. For 13-year-olds, the average score in 2008 was 3 points higher than in2004 (based on unrounded scores) and 15 points higher thanin 1973. In contrast, the average score for 17-year-olds in2008 was not significantly different from the scores in 2004and 1973.

White, Black, and Hispanic 9-, 13-, and 17-year-olds allhad higher average mathematics scores in 2008 than in 1973.In comparison to 2004, average mathematics scores werehigher in 2008 for White students at age 9. From 2004 to2008, there were no significant changes in scores for 9-, 13-,and 17-year-old Black and Hispanic students or for 13- and17-year-old White students. Mathematics results for 2008continued to show score gaps between White and Hispanicstudents (ranging from 16 to 23 points [based on unroundedscores], depending on age) and between White and Blackstudents (ranging from 26 to 28 points). Across all three agegroups, neither the White-Black gap nor the White-Hispanicgap in mathematics scores changed significantly from 2004to 2008, but both were smaller in 2008 than in 1973.

While there was no significant difference between theaverage mathematics scores of male and female 9-year-oldsin 2008, male students did score higher than female studentsat ages 13 and 17. At age 13, the 4-point gap between malesand females in 2008 was not significantly different whencompared to the gap in 2004, but it was larger than the gapin 1973. At age 17, the 5-point gender score gap in 2008 wasnot significantly different from the gaps in previous assess-ment years.

The average mathematics score for the nation’s 4th-graders in 2011 was higher than the scores in the eight pre-vious assessment years (table 160). On a 0- to 500-pointscale, 4th-graders scored 1 point higher in 2011 than in2009 and 28 points higher than in 1990. Average scores forWhite, Black, and Hispanic 4th-graders were higher in 2011than in any of the previous assessment years. The 25-pointscore gap between White and Black students in 2011 wasnot significantly different from the gap in 2009. However,larger gains from 1990 to 2011 for Black students than forWhite students contributed to a smaller gap in 2011 than inthe first assessment year. The 20-point score gap betweenWhite and Hispanic students in 2011 was not significantlydifferent from the gap in either 2009 or 1990.



The average mathematics score for the nation’s 8th-graders (284) in 2011 was higher than the scores in theeight previous assessment years. Students scored 1 pointhigher in 2011 than in 2009 and 21 points higher than in1990. The average score for female 8th-graders washigher in 2011 than in 2009, while there was no signifi-cant change in the score for males. Scores for both groupswere higher in 2011 than in the earlier assessment years,from 1990 to 2007. Male students scored 1 point higher,on average, than female students in 2011. While therewere no significant changes from 2009 to 2011 in theaverage scores for White or Black students, the averagescore for Hispanic students was 4 points higher in 2011than in 2009. Scores for all three groups were higher in2011 than in 1990. The 31-point score gap between Whiteand Black students in 2011 did not differ significantlyfrom the gap in either 2009 or 1990. The 23-point scoregap between White and Hispanic students in 2011 wassmaller than the gap in 2009 but not significantly differ-ent from the gap in 1990.

For 12th-graders, the average mathematics score(reported on a scale of 0 to 300) was 3 points higher in2009 than in 2005 (data for 12th-graders were not collectedin 2011). Average scores increased from 2005 to 2009 forboth male and female 12th-graders as well as for 12th-graders from all the racial/ethnic groups.

The 2011 main NAEP assessment of states found thatthe average mathematics proficiency of public school 4th-and 8th-graders varied across participating jurisdictions(the 50 states, the Department of Defense overseas anddomestic schools, and the District of Columbia). For 4th-graders in public schools, the U.S. average score was 240,with average scores in participating jurisdictions rangingfrom 222 in the District of Columbia to 252 in New Hamp-shire and 253 in Massachusetts (table 164). For 8th-gradersin public schools, the U.S. average score was 283, withaverage scores in participating jurisdictions ranging from260 in the District of Columbia to 299 in Massachusetts(table 165).

Science

NAEP has assessed the science abilities of students ingrades 4, 8, and 12 in both public and private schools since1996. As of 2009, however, NAEP science assessments arebased on a new framework, so results from these assess-ments cannot be compared to results from earlier scienceassessments. Scores are based on a scale ranging from 0 to300. In 2009, White 4th-graders had a higher average sci-ence score (163) than did Black (127), Hispanic (131),Asian/Pacific Islander (160), and American Indian/AlaskaNative (135) 4th-graders (table 168). The average sciencescore was higher for male 4th-graders (151) than for female4th-graders (149). In 2009, the pattern of differences in aver-age science scores by students’ race/ethnicity at grade 8 wassimilar to the pattern at grade 4. The average science scorealso was higher for male 8th-graders (152) than for female

8th-graders (148). At grade 12, average scores for White(159) and Asian/Pacific Islander (164) students were higherthan the scores for Black (125), Hispanic (134), and Ameri-can Indian/Alaska Native (144) students. The average sci-ence score in 2009 for male 12th-graders (153) was higherthan the score for female 12th-graders (147). In 2011, a sci-ence assessment was conducted at grade 8 only. The average8th-grade science score increased from 150 in 2009 to 152 in2011. While there were no significant changes from 2009 to2011 in the average scores for Asian/Pacific Islander orAmerican Indian/Alaska Native 8th-graders, average scoresincreased 1 point for White 8th-graders, 3 points for Black8th-graders, and 5 points for Hispanic 8th-graders. The aver-age science score of White 8th-graders continued to behigher than the average scores of 8th-graders in all otherracial/ethnic groups in 2011, but score gaps between Whiteand Black 8th-graders and between White and Hispanic 8th-graders narrowed from 2009 to 2011. Average scores forboth male and female 8th-graders were higher in 2011 thanin 2009. In 2011, the average score was 5 points higher formale 8th-graders than for female 8th-graders, which was notsignificantly different from the 4-point gap in 2009.

Skills of Young Children

In addition to student performance data availablethrough NAEP, the Digest presents data from other surveysto provide additional perspectives on student achievement.Differences among demographic groups in the acquisitionof cognitive skills have been demonstrated at relativelyearly ages in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey’sBirth Cohort (ECLS-B) study as well as its KindergartenClass (ECLS-K) studies.

In 2003–04, about 64 percent of 2-year-olds demon-strated proficiency in expressive vocabulary, which mea-sured toddlers’ ability to communicate using gestures,words, and sentences (table 133). The percentage of 2-year-olds demonstrating expressive vocabulary washigher for females (69 percent) than for males (59 per-cent). Also, a higher percentage of White (71 percent) andAsian (62 percent) 2-year-olds demonstrated expressivevocabulary than of Black, Hispanic, or American Indian/Alaska Native 2-year-olds (56, 54, and 50 percent,respectively). The percentage of 2-year-olds from fami-lies with high socioeconomic status (SES) who demon-strated expressive vocabulary (75 percent) was higherthan the percentage of children from low-SES familieswho did so (52 percent).

Patterns of differences were also observed by race/eth-nicity and SES for children at about 4 years of age (48 to 57months old). In 2005–06, average early reading scores werehigher for White (27) and Asian (31) 48- to 57-month-oldchildren than for Black (23), Hispanic (21), and AmericanIndian/Alaska Native (20) children (table 134). Also, high-SES children (33) had higher average early reading scoresthan low-SES children (19) at this age. These same patternswere observed among 48- to 57-month-old children with



respect to average mathematics scores. White (32) andAsian (35) 48- to 57-month-old children had higher mathe-matics scores than Black (27), Hispanic (26), and AmericanIndian/Alaska Native children (23). High-SES 48- to 57-month-old children (36) had higher average mathematicsscores than low-SES children (24).

Children who enrolled in kindergarten for the first time in2010–11 showed similar patterns of score differences byrace/ethnicity and SES. In fall 2010, average mathematicsscores were higher for first-time kindergartners from high-SES families (36) than for those from low-SES families (22)(table 135). White (32) and Asian (35) first-time kindergart-ners had higher mathematics scores than their Black (26),Hispanic (25), and American Indian/Alaska Native (26)counterparts. Similarly, reading scores in fall 2010 werehigher for White (37) and Asian (40) first-time kindergart-ners than for their Black (33), Hispanic (30), and AmericanIndian/Alaska Native (31) counterparts. High-SES children(42) had higher average early reading scores than low-SESchildren (28).

SAT Scores of College-Bound Seniors

The SAT (formerly known as the Scholastic AssessmentTest and the Scholastic Aptitude Test) is not designed as anindicator of student achievement, but rather as an aid for pre-dicting how well students will do in college. Between1998–99 and 2004–05, the mathematics SAT average scoreincreased by 9 points, but it declined by 6 points between2004–05 and 2011–12 (table 172). The critical reading aver-age score in 2011–12 (496) was 9 points lower than in1998–99. The writing average score in 2011–12 (488) was 9points lower than in 2005–06, the year in which the SATwriting section was introduced.

Coursetaking in High School

The average number of science and mathematics coursescompleted by public high school graduates increasedbetween 1982 and 2009. The average number of mathemat-ics courses (Carnegie units) completed in high school rosefrom 2.6 in 1982 to 3.9 in 2009, and the number of sciencecourses rose from 2.2 to 3.5 (table 177). The average numberof courses in career/technical areas completed by all highschool graduates was lower in 2009 (2.5 units) than in 2000(2.9 units). As a result of the increased academic courseload, the percentage of students completing the 1983National Commission on Excellence recommendations (4units of English, 3 units of social studies, 3 units of science,3 units of mathematics, and 2 units of foreign language) rosefrom 10 percent in 1982 to 62 percent in 2009 (table 181).

School ViolenceIn 2009–10, about 85 percent of public schools had a

criminal incident, which is defined as theft, vandalism, drugpossession, weapons possession, a serious violent crime, ora less serious violent crime such as a fight without weapons(table 189). In 2009–10, some 74 percent of schools reportedone or more violent incidents, 44 percent of schools reportedone or more thefts/larcenies, and 46 percent reported vandal-ism. The percentage of schools reporting a serious violentcrime in 2009–10 (16 percent) was lower than the percent-age of schools reporting a serious violent crime in1999–2000 (20 percent). Also, the percentage of schoolsreporting an incident of vandalism was lower in 2009–10(46 percent) than in 1999–2000 (51 percent). Overall, therewere 4 criminal incidents reported per 100 students in2009–10, which was lower than the 5 criminal incidents per100 students reported in 1999–2000.

Revenues and ExpendituresThe state share of revenues for public elementary and

secondary schools generally grew from the 1930s throughthe mid-1980s, while the local share declined during thesame time period (table 202 and figure 10).4 However, thispattern changed in the late 1980s, when the local sharebegan to increase at the same time the state sharedecreased. Between 1986–87 and 1993–94, the state sharedeclined from 49.7 percent to 45.2 percent, while the localshare rose from 43.9 percent to 47.8 percent. Between1993–94 and 2000–01, the state share rose again to 49.7percent, the highest share since 1986–87, but declinedevery school year thereafter until 2005–06, when the stateshare was 46.5 percent. Overall, between 1999–2000 and2009–10, the federal share increased from 7.3 percent to12.7 percent, while the state share decreased from 49.5 to43.5 percent. The local share increased from 43.2 percentto 43.8 percent during this period.

After adjustment for inflation, current expenditures perstudent in fall enrollment at public schools rose during the1980s, remained stable during the first part of the 1990s, andthen rose again (table 213 and figure 11). There was anincrease of 37 percent from 1980–81 to 1990–91; a changeof less than 1 percent from 1990–91 to 1994–95 (whichresulted from small decreases at the beginning of this period,followed by small increases after 1992–93); and an increaseof 34 percent from 1994–95 to 2009–10. In 2009–10, currentexpenditures per student in fall enrollment were $10,652 inunadjusted dollars. In 2007–08, some 55 percent of studentsin public schools were transported at public expense at a costof $854 per pupil transported, also in unadjusted dollars(table 206).

4For data on individual years from 1980–81 through 1988–89, see Digest ofEducation Statistics 2011 (NCES 2012-001), table 180.



Figure 7. Enrollment, number of teachers, pupil/teacher ratio, and expenditures in public elementary and secondary schools: 1960–61 through 2010–11

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systems, 1959–60 through 1969–70; Statistics of Public Elementary and Sec-ondary Day Schools, 1959–60 through 1980–81; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, 1970–71 through 1980–81; and Common Core of Data(CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 1981–82 through 2010–11, and “National Public Education Financial Survey,” 1989–90 through 2009–10.

Current expenditures, in billions

In constant 2011–12 dollars

In current dollars

050

100150200250300350400450500550

$600

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009

School year beginning


Number of teachers

Pupil/teacher ratio

Teachers, in millions Pupil/teacher ratio

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Fall enrollment, in millions

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100

10

20

30

40

50


Total

Elementary

Secondary



Figure 8. Percentage change in public elementary and secondary enrollment, by state: Fall 2005 to fall 2010

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 2005–06 and 2010–11.

Figure 9. Total and full-day preprimary enrollment of 3- to 5-year-olds: October 1970 through October 2011

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Preprimary Enrollment, 1970 and 1975. U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, CurrentPopulation Survey (CPS), October 1976 through October 2011.

AK

WA

MT ND OR

ID

WYSD

UTCA

NV

COKS

NE

AZ NM OK

MN

IA

MO

AR

TNNC

LA

FL

MS AL GA

WI

IL

KY

INOH

WV

PA

NY

VA

ME

VT

NH

MA

CT

SC

MI

HI

RI

NJ

TX

DC MD DE

Increase of more than 10 percent

Increase of 5 to 10 percent

Increase of less than 5 percent

Decrease

Percent change

Total preprimary enrollment

Full-day enrollment

Year

Enrollment, in millions

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9



Figure 10. Percentage of revenue for public elementary and secondary schools, by source of funds: 1970–71 through 2009–10

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, 1970–71 through1986–87; and Common Core of Data (CCD), “National Public Education Financial Survey,” 1987–88 through 2009–10.

Figure 11. Current expenditure per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools: 1970–71 through 2009–10

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, 1970–71 through1986–87; and Common Core of Data (CCD), “National Public Education Financial Survey,” 1987–88 through 2009–10.

Percent of revenue

Local governments

State governments

Federal government

1970–71 1975–76 1980–81 1985–86 1990–91 1995–96 2000–01 2005–06 2009–100

20

40

60

80

100

School year

School year

In constant 2011–12 dollars

In current dollars

Per pupil expenditure

1970–71 1975–76 1980–81 1985–86 1990–91 1995–96 2000–01 2005–06 2009–100

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

$12,000


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t

1999–2000

2005–06

2006–07

2007–08

2008–09

2009–10

15 16 17 18 19 20

279,040 295,517 298,380 301,231 304,094 306,77252,811 53,606 53,819 53,893 53,833 53,890

18.9 18.1 18.0 17.9 17.7 17.6

46,857 49,113 49,316 49,293 49,266 49,36133,486 34,204 34,235 34,205 34,286 34,40913,371 14,909 15,081 15,087 14,980 14,952

16.8 16.6 16.5 16.4 16.2 16.188.7 91.6 91.6 91.5 91.5 91.628.5 30.4 30.6 30.6 30.4 30.3

2,554 2,816 2,892 3,001 3,039 3,128

43,807 45,932 46,133 46,156 46,173 45,9137,858 8,250 8,267 8,261 8,264 8,19994.3 — — 93.1 — —

179.4 179.6 179.2 179.0 179.0 178.6169.2 — — 166.6 — —

3,819 4,151 4,187 4,214 4,278 4,279— — — — — —

137 156 154 158 160 168

3,682 3,995 4,033 4,056 4,118 4,111— — — — — —— — — — — —— — — — — —

$372,944 $520,622 $555,711 $584,684 $592,422 $597,48627,098 47,554 47,151 47,788 56,670 75,998

184,613 242,151 263,609 282,623 276,526 259,810

161,233 230,917 244,951 254,273 259,226 261,678

7.3 9.1 8.5 8.2 9.6 12.749.5 46.5 47.4 48.3 46.7 43.5

43.2 44.4 44.1 43.5 43.8 43.8$381,838 $528,269 $562,195 $597,314 $610,326 $607,236

7 323,889 7 449,131 7 476,814 7 506,884 7 518,923 7 525,498 743,357 57,375 62,863 66,426 65,890 55,6519,135 14,347 14,713 15,695 17,049 17,679

5,457 7,416 7,804 8,308 8,464 8,408

7 84.8 7 85.0 7 84.8 7 84.9 7 85.0 7 86.5 711.4 10.9 11.2 11.1 10.8 9.22.4 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.9

Enrollmen

Table 35. Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: Selected years, 1869–70 through 2009–10

Selected characteristic1869–

701879–

801889–

901899–1900

1909–10

1919–20

1929–30

1939–40

1949–50

1959–60

1969–70

1979–80

1989–90

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Population, pupils, and instructional staffTotal population (in thousands)1 ........................................................... 38,558 50,156 62,622 75,995 90,490 104,514 121,878 131,028 149,188 177,830 201,385 225,055 246,819

5- to 17-year-olds (in thousands)1..................................................... 11,683 15,066 18,473 21,573 24,011 27,571 31,414 30,151 30,223 43,881 52,386 48,043 44,9475- to 17-year-olds as a percent of total population............................ 30.3 30.0 29.5 28.4 26.5 26.4 25.8 23.0 20.3 24.7 26.0 21.3 18.2

Total enrollment in elementary and secondary schools (in thousands)2.. 7,562 3 9,867 12,723 15,503 17,814 21,578 25,678 25,434 25,112 36,087 45,550 41,651 40,543Prekindergarten and grades 1–8 (in thousands) .............................. 7,481 3 9,757 12,520 14,984 16,899 19,378 21,279 18,833 19,387 27,602 32,513 28,034 29,152Grades 9–12 (in thousands) ............................................................. 80 3 110 203 519 915 2,200 4,399 6,601 5,725 8,485 13,037 13,616 11,390

Enrollment as a percent of total population .......................................... 19.6 3 19.7 20.3 20.4 19.7 20.6 21.1 19.4 16.8 20.3 22.6 18.5 16.4Enrollment as a percent of 5- to 17-year-olds....................................... 64.7 3 65.5 68.9 71.9 74.2 78.3 81.7 84.4 83.1 82.2 87.0 86.7 90.2Percent of total enrollment in high schools (grades 9–12).................... 1.1 3 1.1 1.6 3.3 5.1 10.2 17.1 26.0 22.8 23.5 28.6 32.7 28.1High school graduates (in thousands) .................................................. — — 22 62 111 231 592 1,143 1,063 1,627 2,589 2,748 2,320

Average daily attendance (in thousands).............................................. 4,077 6,144 8,154 10,633 12,827 16,150 21,265 22,042 22,284 32,477 41,934 38,289 37,799Total number of days attended by pupils enrolled (in millions) ............. 539 801 1,098 1,535 2,011 2,615 3,673 3,858 3,964 5,782 7,501 6,835 4 —Percent of enrolled pupils attending daily ............................................. 59.3 62.3 64.1 68.6 72.1 74.8 82.8 86.7 88.7 90.0 90.4 90.1 4 —Average length of school term, in days................................................. 132.2 130.3 134.7 144.3 157.5 161.9 172.7 175.0 177.9 178.0 178.9 178.5 4 —Average number of days attended per pupil ......................................... 78.4 81.1 86.3 99.0 113.0 121.2 143.0 151.7 157.9 160.2 161.7 160.8 4 —

Total instructional staff (in thousands) .................................................. — — — — — 678 880 912 963 1,457 2,286 2,406 2,986Supervisors (in thousands) ............................................................... — — — — — 7 7 5 — — — — —Principals (in thousands) .................................................................. — — — — — 14 31 32 43 64 91 106 126Teachers, librarians, and other nonsupervisory instructional staff

(in thousands)5............................................................................ 201 287 364 423 523 657 843 875 920 1,393 2,195 2,300 2,860Males (in thousands)..................................................................... 78 123 126 127 110 93 140 195 196 404 4 711 4 782 4 —Females (in thousands)................................................................. 123 164 238 296 413 585 703 681 724 989 4 1,484 4 1,518 4 —Percent male ................................................................................. 38.7 42.8 34.5 29.9 21.1 14.1 16.6 22.2 21.3 29.0 4 32.4 4 34.0 4 —

Total revenues and expenditures Amounts in current dollars

Total revenue receipts (in millions)........................................................Federal government.......................................................................... — — $143 $220 $433 $970 $2,089 $2,261 $5,437 $14,747 $40,267 $96,881 $208,548State governments............................................................................ — — — — — 2 7 40 156 652 3,220 9,504 12,701Local sources, including intermediate............................................... — — — — — 160 354 684 2,166 5,768 16,063 45,349 98,239

Percentage distribution of revenue receipts — — — — — 808 1,728 1,536 3,116 8,327 20,985 42,029 97,608Federal government..........................................................................State governments............................................................................ — — — — — 0.3 0.4 1.8 2.9 4.4 8.0 9.8 6.1Local sources, including intermediate............................................... — — — — — 16.5 16.9 30.3 39.8 39.1 39.9 46.8 47.1

Total expenditures for public schools (in millions) ................................. — — — — — 83.2 82.7 68.0 57.3 56.5 52.1 43.4 46.8Current expenditures6 ....................................................................... $63 $78 $141 $215 $426 $1,036 $2,317 $2,344 $5,838 $15,613 $40,683 $95,962 $212,770Capital outlay8 ................................................................................... — — 114 180 356 861 1,844 1,942 4,687 12,329 7 34,218 7 86,984 7 188,229Interest on school debt ..................................................................... — — 26 35 70 154 371 258 1,014 2,662 4,659 6,506 17,781Other current expenditures9 .............................................................. — — — — — 18 93 131 101 490 1,171 1,874 3,776

Percentage distribution of total expenditures — — — — — 3 10 13 36 133 636 598 10 2,983Current expenditures6 .......................................................................Capital outlay8 ................................................................................... — — 81.3 83.5 83.6 83.1 79.6 82.8 80.3 79.0 7 84.1 7 90.6 7 88.5Interest on school debt ..................................................................... — — 18.7 16.5 16.4 14.8 16.0 11.0 17.4 17.0 11.5 6.8 8.4Other current expenditures9 .............................................................. — — — — — 1.8 4.0 5.6 1.7 3.1 2.9 2.0 1.8

See notes at end of table.

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econdary schools.le to pupil costs, capital outlay, and interest on school debt.gth of term.red by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor,

d figures. Beginning in 1959–60, data include Alaska and Hawaii.

Education Statistics, Annual Report of the United States Commis-ey of Education in the United States, 1919–20 through 1949–50;

Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary School Systems,and Secondary Education, FY 1980; Schools and Staffing Survey7–08; Common Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of010–11, and “National Public Financial Survey,” 1989–90 throughtrieved August 17, 2012, from http://www.census.gov/popest/data/ureau of Economic Analysis, retrieved December 21, 2012, fromf Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, retrieved December 21, 2012,able was prepared January 2013.)

$41,807 $49,086 $51,052 $52,800 $54,319 $55,20256,762 70,224 74,412 77,795 80,760 76,9871,368 1,788 1,884 1,983 2,007 1,979

29,953 38,149 40,322 41,152 41,464 39,5497,394 9,778 10,336 10,982 11,239 11,4458,589 11,338 12,015 12,759 13,033 13,041

190,793 245,447 260,796 268,577 273,081 264,25141.22 — — 61.36 62.79 64.0947.90 — — 71.30 72.83 73.04

$56,198 $56,134 $56,911 $56,756 $57,585 $57,96076,300 80,308 82,952 83,624 85,616 80,8341,839 2,044 2,100 2,131 2,128 2,078

40,263 43,627 44,949 44,236 43,958 41,5269,939 11,182 11,522 11,805 11,914 12,017

11,545 12,966 13,394 13,715 13,816 13,692256,466 280,691 290,725 288,702 289,501 277,455

51.5 — — 66.0 66.6 67.359.9 — — 76.6 77.2 76.7

1999–2000

2005–06

2006–07

2007–08

2008–09

2009–10

15 16 17 18 19 20

—Not available.1Data on population and labor force are from the Census Bureau, and data on personal income and national income are fromthe Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. Population data through 1900 are based on total populationfrom the decennial census. From 1909–10 to 1959–60, population data are total population, including armed forces overseas, asof July 1. Data for later years are for resident population that excludes armed forces overseas.2Data for 1869–70 through 1959–60 are school year enrollment. Data for later years are fall enrollment.3Data for 1870–71.4Estimated by the National Center for Education Statistics.5Prior to 1919–20, data are for the number of different persons employed rather than number of positions.6Prior to 1919–20, includes interest on school debt.7Because of the modification of the scope of “current expenditures for elementary and secondary schools,” data for 1959–60 andlater years are not entirely comparable with prior years.8Beginning in 1969–70, includes capital outlay by state and local school building authorities.9Includes summer schools, community colleges, and adult education. Beginning in 1959–60, also includes community services,formerly classified with “current expenditures for elementary and secondary schools.”10Excludes community colleges and adult education.11Prior to 1959–60, average includes supervisors, principals, teachers, and other nonsupervisory instructional staff. Data for1959–60 and later years are estimated by the National Education Association.

12Excludes current expenditures not allocable to pupil costs.13“ADA” means average daily attendance in elementary and s14Expenditure figure is the sum of current expenditures allocab15Per-day rates derived by dividing annual rates by average len16Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepaadjusted to a school-year basis.NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously publisheDetail may not sum to totals because of rounding.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for sioner of Education, 1869–70 through 1909–10; Biennial SurvStatistics of State School Systems, 1959–60 and 1969–70; 1979–80; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary (SASS), “Public School Questionnaire,” 1999–2000 and 200Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 1989–90 through 22009–10. U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, restate/asrh/2011/index.html. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bhttp://www.bea.gov/iTable/index_nipa.cfm. U.S. Department ofrom http://www.bls.gov/webapps/legacy/cpsatab1.htm. (This t

Teacher salaries; income and expenditures per pupil and per capita

Annual salary of classroom teachers11 ................................................. $189 $195 $252 $325 $485 $871 $1,420 $1,441 $3,010 $4,995 $8,626 $15,970 $31,367Personal income per member of labor force1 ....................................... — — — — — — 1,726 1,320 3,378 5,738 9,640 19,621 36,793Total school expenditures per capita of total population ....................... 2 2 2 3 5 10 19 18 39 88 202 426 862National income per capita1.................................................................. — — — — — — 770 626 1,592 2,550 4,412 9,990 19,449Current expenditure per pupil in ADA6,12,13 ........................................... — — 14 17 28 53 87 88 210 375 816 2,272 4,980Total expenditure per pupil in ADA13,14 .................................................. 16 13 17 20 33 64 108 106 260 471 955 2,491 5,547National income per pupil in ADA13 ...................................................... — — — — — — 4,416 3,720 10,658 13,964 21,188 58,719 127,000Current expenditure per day per pupil in ADA6,13,15 .............................. — — 0.10 0.12 0.18 0.33 0.50 0.50 1.17 2.11 4.56 12.73 —Total expenditure per day per pupil in ADA13 ........................................ 0.12 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.21 0.40 0.63 0.60 1.46 2.65 5.34 13.95 —

Amounts in constant 2011–12 dollars16

Annual salary of classroom teachers11 ................................................. — — — — — $10,400 $18,878 $23,465 $28,922 $38,685 $51,965 $46,813 $56,216Personal income per member of labor force1 ....................................... — — — — — — 22,951 21,493 32,455 44,439 58,075 57,516 65,940Total school expenditures per capita of total population ....................... — — — — — 118 253 291 376 680 1,217 1,250 1,545National income per capita1.................................................................. — — — — — — 10,243 10,191 15,297 19,751 26,579 29,284 34,857Current expenditure per pupil in ADA6,12,13 ........................................... — — — — — 637 1,153 1,435 2,021 2,905 4,916 6,659 8,925Total expenditure per pupil in ADA13,14 .................................................. — — — — — 764 1,442 1,722 2,502 3,648 5,753 7,301 9,941National income per pupil in ADA13 ...................................................... — — — — — — 58,705 60,578 102,409 108,146 127,642 172,124 227,609Current expenditure per day per pupil in ADA6,13,15 .............................. — — — — — 3.9 6.6 8.1 11.2 16.3 27.5 37.3 —Total expenditure per day per pupil in ADA13 ........................................ — — — — — 4.8 8.4 9.8 14.0 20.5 32.2 40.9 —

Table 35. Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: Selected years, 1869–70 through 2009–10—Continued

Selected characteristic1869–

701879–

801889–

901899–1900

1909–10

1919–20

1929–30

1939–40

1949–50

1959–60

1969–70

1979–80

1989–90

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

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Projected total enrollment Percentchangein total

enrollment,2010

to 2021Fall 2012 Fall 2013 Fall 2015 Fall 2020 Fall 2021

17 18 19 20 21 22

9,827,900 50,067,200 50,773,300 52,688,000 53,113,300 7.3

8,104,200 8,106,100 8,126,700 8,224,300 8,248,100 2.20,574,800 10,580,100 10,652,300 10,830,000 10,868,500 2.49,028,100 19,165,000 19,504,800 20,296,800 20,480,600 8.92,120,800 12,216,000 12,489,500 13,336,900 13,516,100 12.7

754,300 754,200 756,200 751,000 751,000 -0.6134,400 136,500 141,800 157,600 161,000 21.9

1,085,000 1,099,400 1,139,800 1,261,200 1,287,500 20.1484,800 486,700 489,200 493,000 494,100 2.5

6,347,100 6,384,700 6,505,200 6,929,000 7,012,800 11.5

861,100 870,600 894,900 945,600 954,000 13.1549,100 545,600 542,600 548,400 551,000 -1.7130,900 132,100 135,400 141,900 142,700 10.368,000 66,800 65,300 61,200 60,400 -15.3

2,663,700 2,678,300 2,722,800 2,888,700 2,935,500 11.1

1,697,400 1,709,700 1,738,600 1,808,500 1,828,000 9.0179,200 179,600 180,900 184,200 184,300 2.6279,100 281,900 287,900 301,700 304,600 10.4

2,083,600 2,080,000 2,088,200 2,105,700 2,109,300 0.81,049,000 1,050,400 1,056,000 1,071,900 1,077,400 2.9

495,400 496,600 499,500 500,800 500,100 0.9486,900 490,400 498,700 510,800 511,900 5.8668,800 668,100 669,400 661,600 660,500 -1.9699,000 699,800 701,400 688,400 685,100 -1.6185,800 185,400 185,900 189,200 190,100 0.5

859,600 865,600 885,800 957,400 971,800 14.0947,000 943,800 940,600 941,700 943,800 -1.2

1,556,700 1,545,100 1,540,100 1,545,400 1,551,400 -2.2849,600 858,900 883,100 952,300 964,900 15.1484,500 482,600 480,400 467,500 465,000 -5.2

917,900 919,300 926,700 942,400 945,900 3.0142,000 142,800 144,800 149,400 149,900 5.8303,500 306,300 312,200 321,800 322,500 8.0443,900 448,700 464,100 513,900 527,700 20.7191,400 190,500 189,900 196,300 198,600 2.0

1,380,000 1,377,200 1,377,000 1,390,300 1,394,400 -0.6343,600 347,300 355,300 367,300 368,400 9.0

2,823,800 2,829,300 2,828,200 2,817,300 2,815,400 2.91,492,000 1,495,900 1,510,500 1,541,800 1,554,500 4.3

97,700 98,600 100,400 104,400 104,500 8.5

1,735,100 1,730,100 1,728,600 1,718,500 1,717,800 -2.1666,800 671,500 680,800 691,700 692,500 4.9577,100 581,400 593,300 631,600 641,300 12.4

1,790,400 1,798,300 1,824,500 1,892,000 1,903,200 6.1141,600 141,300 142,500 149,400 150,900 4.9

732,400 737,100 748,300 764,000 767,800 5.8126,600 127,500 129,200 133,500 134,000 6.2988,400 992,800 1,006,100 1,037,100 1,045,600 5.9

5,094,500 5,173,900 5,341,800 5,712,300 5,782,300 17.2579,600 583,000 590,500 609,400 616,400 5.3

Table 36. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by region, state, and jurisdiction: Selected years, fall 1990 through fall 2021

Region, state, and jurisdiction

Actual total enrollment Percentchangein total

enrollment,2005

to 2010Fall 1990 Fall 1995 Fall 2000 Fall 2001 Fall 2002 Fall 2003 Fall 2004 Fall 2005 Fall 2006 Fall 2007 Fall 2008 Fall 2009 Fall 2010 Fall 2011

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

United States............ 41,216,683 44,840,481 47,203,539 47,671,870 48,183,086 48,540,215 48,795,465 49,113,298 49,315,842 49,292,507 49,265,572 49,360,982 49,484,181 0.8 49,635,700 4Region

Northeast .......................... 7,281,763 7,894,190 8,222,127 8,250,440 8,296,621 8,292,315 8,271,259 8,240,160 8,257,889 8,122,022 8,052,985 8,092,029 8,071,335 -2.0 8,110,200Midwest............................. 9,943,761 10,512,459 10,729,987 10,744,536 10,818,970 10,808,977 10,775,409 10,818,815 10,819,248 10,770,212 10,742,973 10,672,171 10,609,604 -1.9 10,580,900 1South................................. 14,807,016 16,117,992 17,007,261 17,236,914 17,471,440 17,672,745 17,891,987 18,103,166 18,293,633 18,424,719 18,490,770 18,651,889 18,805,000 3.9 18,895,500 1West .................................. 9,184,143 10,315,840 11,244,164 11,439,980 11,596,055 11,766,178 11,856,810 11,951,157 11,945,072 11,975,554 11,978,844 11,944,893 11,998,242 0.4 12,049,100 1

StateAlabama............................ 721,806 746,149 739,992 737,190 739,366 731,220 730,140 741,761 743,632 744,865 745,668 748,889 755,552 1.9 754,500Alaska................................ 113,903 127,618 133,356 134,349 134,364 133,933 132,970 133,288 132,608 131,029 130,662 131,661 132,104 -0.9 133,000Arizona.............................. 639,853 743,566 877,696 922,180 937,755 1,012,068 1,043,298 1,094,454 1,068,249 1,087,447 1,087,817 1,077,831 1,071,751 -2.1 1,076,000Arkansas........................... 436,286 453,257 449,959 449,805 450,985 454,523 463,115 474,206 476,409 479,016 478,965 480,559 482,114 1.7 483,200California ........................... 4,950,474 5,536,406 6,140,814 6,247,726 6,353,667 6,413,867 6,441,557 6,437,202 6,406,750 6,343,471 6,322,528 6,263,438 6,289,578 -2.3 6,320,200

Colorado............................ 574,213 656,279 724,508 742,145 751,862 757,693 765,976 779,826 794,026 801,867 818,443 832,368 843,316 8.1 851,800Connecticut....................... 469,123 517,935 562,179 570,228 570,023 577,203 577,390 575,059 575,100 570,626 567,198 563,968 560,546 -2.5 553,500Delaware ........................... 99,658 108,461 114,676 115,555 116,342 117,668 119,091 120,937 122,254 122,574 125,430 126,801 129,403 7.0 130,100District of Columbia........... 80,694 79,802 68,925 75,392 76,166 78,057 76,714 76,876 72,850 78,422 68,681 69,433 71,284 -7.3 69,400Florida ............................... 1,861,592 2,176,222 2,434,821 2,500,478 2,539,929 2,587,628 2,639,336 2,675,024 2,671,513 2,666,811 2,631,020 2,634,522 2,643,347 -1.2 2,648,200

Georgia ............................. 1,151,687 1,311,126 1,444,937 1,470,634 1,496,012 1,522,611 1,553,437 1,598,461 1,629,157 1,649,589 1,655,792 1,667,685 1,677,067 4.9 1,684,300Hawaii................................ 171,708 187,180 184,360 184,546 183,829 183,609 183,185 182,818 180,728 179,897 179,478 180,196 179,601 -1.8 179,200Idaho ................................. 220,840 243,097 245,117 246,521 248,604 252,120 256,084 261,982 267,380 272,119 275,051 276,299 275,859 5.3 277,000Illinois................................. 1,821,407 1,943,623 2,048,792 2,071,391 2,084,187 2,100,961 2,097,503 2,111,706 2,118,276 2,112,805 2,119,707 2,104,175 2,091,654 -0.9 2,088,600Indiana............................... 954,525 977,263 989,267 996,133 1,003,875 1,011,130 1,021,348 1,035,074 1,045,940 1,046,766 1,046,147 1,046,661 1,047,232 1.2 1,047,400

Iowa................................... 483,652 502,343 495,080 485,932 482,210 481,226 478,319 483,482 483,122 485,115 487,559 491,842 495,775 2.5 495,100Kansas .............................. 437,034 463,008 470,610 470,205 470,957 470,490 469,136 467,525 469,506 468,295 471,060 474,489 483,701 3.5 483,800Kentucky............................ 636,401 659,821 665,850 654,363 660,782 663,369 674,796 679,878 683,152 666,225 670,030 680,089 673,128 -1.0 670,000Louisiana........................... 784,757 797,366 743,089 731,328 730,464 727,709 724,281 654,526 675,851 681,038 684,873 690,915 696,558 6.4 697,300Maine................................. 215,149 213,569 207,037 205,586 204,337 202,084 198,820 195,498 193,986 196,245 192,935 189,225 189,077 -3.3 187,000

Maryland ........................... 715,176 805,544 852,920 860,640 866,743 869,113 865,561 860,020 851,640 845,700 843,861 848,412 852,211 -0.9 855,000Massachusetts.................. 834,314 915,007 975,150 973,139 982,989 980,459 975,574 971,909 968,661 962,958 958,910 957,053 955,563 -1.7 950,800Michigan............................ 1,584,431 1,641,456 1,720,626 1,730,669 1,785,160 1,757,604 1,751,290 1,742,282 1,722,656 1,692,739 1,659,921 1,649,082 1,587,067 -8.9 1,569,200Minnesota.......................... 756,374 835,166 854,340 851,384 846,891 842,854 838,503 839,243 840,565 837,578 836,048 837,053 838,037 -0.1 843,400Mississippi......................... 502,417 506,272 497,871 493,507 492,645 493,540 495,376 494,954 495,026 494,122 491,962 492,481 490,526 -0.9 486,200

Missouri............................. 816,558 889,881 912,744 909,792 906,499 905,941 905,449 917,705 920,353 917,188 917,871 917,982 918,710 0.1 917,000Montana............................ 152,974 165,547 154,875 151,947 149,995 148,356 146,705 145,416 144,418 142,823 141,899 141,807 141,693 -2.6 141,600Nebraska........................... 274,081 289,744 286,199 285,095 285,402 285,542 285,761 286,646 287,580 291,244 292,590 295,368 298,500 4.1 300,900Nevada.............................. 201,316 265,041 340,706 356,814 369,498 385,401 400,083 412,395 424,766 429,362 433,371 428,947 437,149 6.0 440,300New Hampshire ................ 172,785 194,171 208,461 206,847 207,671 207,417 206,852 205,767 203,572 200,772 197,934 197,140 194,711 -5.4 192,900

New Jersey ....................... 1,089,646 1,197,381 1,313,405 1,341,656 1,367,438 1,380,753 1,393,347 1,395,602 1,388,850 1,382,348 1,381,420 1,396,029 1,402,548 0.5 1,383,500New Mexico....................... 301,881 329,640 320,306 320,260 320,234 323,066 326,102 326,758 328,220 329,040 330,245 334,419 338,122 3.5 340,500New York ........................... 2,598,337 2,813,230 2,882,188 2,872,132 2,888,233 2,864,775 2,836,337 2,815,581 2,809,649 2,765,435 2,740,592 2,766,052 2,734,955 -2.9 2,816,500North Carolina................... 1,086,871 1,183,090 1,293,638 1,315,363 1,335,954 1,360,209 1,385,754 1,416,436 1,444,481 1,489,492 1,488,645 1,483,397 1,490,605 5.2 1,490,300North Dakota..................... 117,825 119,100 109,201 106,047 104,225 102,233 100,513 98,283 96,670 95,059 94,728 95,073 96,323 -2.0 96,900

Ohio................................... 1,771,089 1,836,015 1,835,049 1,830,985 1,838,285 1,845,428 1,840,032 1,839,683 1,836,722 1,827,184 1,817,163 1,764,297 1,754,191 -4.6 1,741,300Oklahoma.......................... 579,087 616,393 623,110 622,139 624,548 626,160 629,476 634,739 639,391 642,065 645,108 654,802 659,911 4.0 662,400Oregon .............................. 472,394 527,914 546,231 551,480 554,071 551,273 552,505 552,194 562,574 565,586 575,393 582,839 570,720 3.4 573,800Pennsylvania..................... 1,667,834 1,787,533 1,814,311 1,821,627 1,816,747 1,821,146 1,828,089 1,830,684 1,871,060 1,801,971 1,775,029 1,785,993 1,793,284 -2.0 1,787,800Rhode Island..................... 138,813 149,799 157,347 158,046 159,205 159,375 156,498 153,422 151,612 147,629 145,342 145,118 143,793 -6.3 142,300

South Carolina .................. 622,112 645,586 677,411 676,198 694,389 699,198 703,736 701,544 708,021 712,317 718,113 723,143 725,838 3.5 728,500South Dakota .................... 129,164 144,685 128,603 127,542 130,048 125,537 122,798 122,012 121,158 121,606 126,429 123,713 126,128 3.4 125,900Tennessee......................... 824,595 893,770 909,161 924,899 927,608 936,682 941,091 953,928 978,368 964,259 971,950 972,549 987,422 3.5 986,000Texas ................................. 3,382,887 3,748,167 4,059,619 4,163,447 4,259,823 4,331,751 4,405,215 4,525,394 4,599,509 4,674,832 4,752,148 4,850,210 4,935,715 9.1 5,012,500Utah................................... 446,652 477,121 481,485 484,684 489,262 495,981 503,607 508,430 523,386 576,244 559,778 571,586 585,552 15.2 576,400


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r Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “State Non-90–91 through 2010–11, and Projections of Education Statistics

95,100 94,700 95,500 99,700 100,700 4.01,262,800 1,271,500 1,297,300 1,368,500 1,384,500 10.61,058,200 1,068,600 1,097,900 1,192,400 1,215,200 16.4

280,200 278,400 275,500 262,200 259,300 -8.3872,800 876,900 889,600 922,500 928,800 6.590,500 91,500 93,100 93,600 93,000 4.5

— — — — — —— — — — — —— — — — — —

— — — — — —— — — — — —— — — — — —— — — — — —— — — — — —

ntinued

Projected total enrollment Percentchangein total

enrollment,2010

to 2021Fall 2012 Fall 2013 Fall 2015 Fall 2020 Fall 2021

17 18 19 20 21 22

—Not available.NOTE: DoD = Department of Defense. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Some data have been revised frompreviously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center fofiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 19to 2021. (This table was prepared June 2012.)

Vermont............................. 95,762 105,565 102,049 101,179 99,978 99,103 98,352 96,638 95,399 94,038 93,625 91,451 96,858 0.2 95,900Virginia .............................. 998,601 1,079,854 1,144,915 1,163,091 1,177,229 1,192,092 1,204,739 1,213,616 1,220,440 1,230,857 1,235,795 1,245,340 1,251,440 3.1 1,256,300Washington....................... 839,709 956,572 1,004,770 1,009,200 1,014,798 1,021,349 1,020,005 1,031,985 1,026,774 1,030,247 1,037,018 1,035,347 1,043,788 1.1 1,049,500West Virginia..................... 322,389 307,112 286,367 282,885 282,455 281,215 280,129 280,866 281,939 282,535 282,729 282,662 282,879 0.7 281,300Wisconsin.......................... 797,621 870,175 879,476 879,361 881,231 880,031 864,757 875,174 876,700 874,633 873,750 872,436 872,286 -0.3 871,400Wyoming ........................... 98,226 99,859 89,940 88,128 88,116 87,462 84,733 84,409 85,193 86,422 87,161 88,155 89,009 5.4 89,800

JurisdictionBureau of Indian

Education ................... — — 46,938 46,476 46,126 45,828 45,828 50,938 — — 40,927 41,351 41,962 -17.6 —DoD, overseas................... — — 73,581 73,212 72,889 71,053 68,327 62,543 60,891 57,247 56,768 — — — —DoD, domestic................... — — 34,174 32,847 32,115 30,603 29,151 28,329 26,631 27,548 28,013 — — — —Other jurisdictions

American Samoa.......... 12,463 14,576 15,702 15,897 15,984 15,893 16,126 16,438 16,400 — — — — — —Guam............................ 26,391 32,960 32,473 31,992 — 31,572 30,605 30,986 — — — — 31,618 2.0 —Northern Marianas....... 6,449 8,809 10,004 10,479 11,251 11,244 11,601 11,718 11,695 11,299 10,913 10,961 11,105 -5.2 —Puerto Rico................... 644,734 627,620 612,725 604,177 596,502 584,916 575,648 563,490 544,138 526,565 503,635 493,393 473,735 -15.9 —U.S. Virgin Islands ........ 21,750 22,737 19,459 18,780 18,333 17,716 16,429 16,750 16,284 15,903 15,768 15,493 15,495 -7.5 —

Table 36. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by region, state, and jurisdiction: Selected years, fall 1990 through fall 2021—Co

Region, state, and jurisdiction

Actual total enrollment Percentchangein total

enrollment,2005

to 2010Fall 1990 Fall 1995 Fall 2000 Fall 2001 Fall 2002 Fall 2003 Fall 2004 Fall 2005 Fall 2006 Fall 2007 Fall 2008 Fall 2009 Fall 2010 Fall 2011

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

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Grades 9 through 12 and secondary ungraded

l Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12Secondary

ungraded

5 16 17 18 19 20

1 4,007,857 3,799,883 3,538,482 3,471,888 41,541

0 62,615 57,644 51,962 49,719 04 10,023 9,723 10,725 9,643 09 82,304 79,842 76,275 81,326 126 37,807 35,280 32,739 30,330 1500 510,011 502,452 488,530 492,545 2,072

9 62,258 60,775 58,307 60,899 01 45,908 43,573 42,209 41,381 04 11,416 10,147 9,097 8,464 06 5,858 4,516 3,851 3,407 1049 214,993 205,142 186,399 178,315 0

8 145,043 124,239 104,914 100,392 06 15,164 13,466 12,527 10,818 1015 22,062 20,451 19,840 19,362 01 169,967 169,365 150,576 146,953 08 84,139 81,558 77,285 74,836 0

3 36,984 36,540 36,435 37,704 04 37,010 35,639 33,676 33,180 1,2694 52,668 50,262 46,008 43,723 1332 57,941 46,689 41,224 38,438 08 14,836 14,996 15,001 15,315 0

5 72,700 67,923 62,877 60,555 01 77,787 73,101 70,557 67,716 03 132,050 133,238 121,344 122,236 2,6154 63,935 65,013 65,465 73,661 01 38,666 36,364 31,579 29,668 3,364

9 73,080 69,794 66,855 65,990 02 11,569 10,733 10,584 10,316 08 22,567 21,998 21,407 22,236 02 33,780 34,199 32,645 29,207 215 16,832 15,994 15,290 15,019 0

3 106,281 103,267 98,237 97,358 16,1507 29,179 26,451 22,553 20,594 05 235,380 227,380 197,541 191,528 13,9766 126,090 111,889 102,676 91,541 08 7,591 7,701 7,415 7,581 0

3 152,198 138,532 121,707 118,946 07 48,131 45,564 42,620 39,634 4989 44,540 44,289 43,078 46,212 08 150,150 148,716 141,866 141,710 1,0769 12,888 11,814 10,891 10,466 0

Table 37. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level, grade, and state or jurisdiction: Fall 2010

State or jurisdictionTotal,

all grades

Prekindergarten through grade 8 and elementary ungraded

TotalPrekinder-

gartenKinder-garten Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8

Elementaryungraded Tota

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1

United States ....... 49,484,181 34,624,530 1,278,678 3,682,092 3,753,951 3,700,668 3,685,833 3,711,341 3,717,521 3,682,052 3,676,309 3,659,405 76,680 14,859,65

Alabama ....................... 755,552 533,612 8,179 57,665 58,448 56,699 57,216 59,117 59,897 59,157 59,242 57,992 0 221,94Alaska........................... 132,104 91,990 2,990 10,120 9,991 10,006 9,787 9,917 9,988 9,933 9,636 9,622 0 40,11Arizona ......................... 1,071,751 751,992 8,554 82,860 84,473 83,544 82,485 82,862 82,690 82,305 81,445 80,636 138 319,75Arkansas....................... 482,114 345,808 14,059 37,701 37,651 36,770 36,624 36,873 36,628 36,591 36,306 36,237 368 136,30California ...................... 6,289,578 4,293,968 72,404 468,036 477,086 470,001 461,967 463,691 469,800 467,271 463,505 476,639 3,568 1,995,61

Colorado ....................... 843,316 601,077 30,593 65,182 65,665 65,885 64,238 63,819 63,328 61,755 60,928 59,684 0 242,23Connecticut................... 560,546 387,475 15,921 39,670 40,830 41,203 40,254 41,155 41,550 41,930 42,616 42,346 0 173,07Delaware....................... 129,403 90,279 1,626 9,810 10,157 10,127 9,796 9,797 9,897 9,847 9,718 9,504 0 39,12District of Columbia ...... 71,284 53,548 9,581 5,939 5,240 4,915 4,873 4,877 4,825 4,391 4,439 4,307 161 17,73Florida........................... 2,643,347 1,858,498 52,779 197,097 200,806 196,620 205,650 200,682 200,738 202,303 200,147 201,676 0 784,84

Georgia......................... 1,677,067 1,202,479 42,816 132,008 130,171 127,744 129,879 131,326 131,057 127,442 126,242 123,794 0 474,58Hawaii ........................... 179,601 127,525 1,393 16,028 14,754 14,540 14,234 13,457 14,171 13,285 12,982 12,567 114 52,07Idaho............................. 275,859 194,144 1,821 21,144 21,865 21,577 21,592 21,575 21,434 21,563 20,985 20,588 0 81,71Illinois............................ 2,091,654 1,454,793 78,260 146,225 153,996 151,647 153,926 153,781 154,636 153,748 154,281 154,293 0 636,86Indiana.......................... 1,047,232 729,414 11,652 76,765 81,397 78,857 78,972 82,387 80,081 79,585 79,928 79,790 0 317,81

Iowa .............................. 495,775 348,112 27,211 39,306 35,369 35,121 34,939 35,071 35,336 35,080 35,416 35,263 0 147,66Kansas.......................... 483,701 342,927 17,318 37,023 36,520 36,357 35,648 35,991 35,898 35,372 35,244 34,220 3,336 140,77Kentucky ....................... 673,128 480,334 24,260 51,091 52,207 50,855 51,279 51,189 50,980 49,988 49,633 48,525 327 192,79Louisiana ...................... 696,558 512,266 29,657 54,276 55,750 53,975 53,842 58,778 52,976 51,813 51,676 49,523 0 184,29Maine............................ 189,077 128,929 4,247 13,819 13,647 13,405 13,420 13,728 13,858 14,034 14,413 14,358 0 60,14

Maryland....................... 852,211 588,156 29,377 62,704 63,635 63,086 62,640 60,765 61,641 60,475 61,862 61,971 0 264,05Massachusetts.............. 955,563 666,402 27,747 67,496 70,973 70,797 70,312 71,140 71,402 71,404 72,667 71,588 876 289,16Michigan ....................... 1,587,067 1,075,584 28,187 112,835 116,028 112,653 112,875 115,722 117,035 117,129 118,958 118,831 5,331 511,48Minnesota ..................... 838,037 569,963 14,405 62,961 63,218 62,116 60,648 61,627 61,130 60,831 61,321 61,706 0 268,07Mississippi .................... 490,526 350,885 3,447 38,923 39,740 37,607 38,157 38,295 39,155 37,607 37,048 36,113 4,793 139,64

Missouri ........................ 918,710 642,991 28,495 69,376 68,974 67,818 67,296 68,313 68,709 67,913 69,153 66,944 0 275,71Montana........................ 141,693 98,491 1,351 11,115 11,066 10,813 10,693 10,751 10,535 10,713 10,725 10,729 0 43,20Nebraska ...................... 298,500 210,292 12,656 23,411 23,134 22,390 22,150 21,901 21,680 21,103 20,992 20,875 0 88,20Nevada ......................... 437,149 307,297 4,444 32,454 33,809 33,492 33,600 34,047 33,754 34,054 33,947 33,070 626 129,85New Hampshire ............ 194,711 131,576 3,097 11,970 14,120 13,913 14,187 14,294 14,602 14,795 15,191 15,407 0 63,13

New Jersey ................... 1,402,548 981,255 53,564 92,413 99,976 98,791 97,716 98,641 99,344 100,245 100,225 99,630 40,710 421,29New Mexico .................. 338,122 239,345 7,980 26,688 26,660 26,087 25,906 25,955 25,615 25,329 24,656 24,469 0 98,77New York....................... 2,734,955 1,869,150 51,649 194,607 202,889 201,820 198,573 198,720 201,761 199,937 202,305 203,761 13,128 865,80North Carolina .............. 1,490,605 1,058,409 23,510 115,782 108,078 117,107 117,747 118,617 117,170 115,186 113,310 111,112 790 432,19North Dakota ................ 96,323 66,035 1,529 7,449 7,484 7,197 6,915 6,974 6,676 7,141 7,372 7,298 0 30,28

Ohio .............................. 1,754,191 1,222,808 30,047 129,964 132,638 130,425 130,593 133,202 134,109 133,615 135,005 133,210 0 531,38Oklahoma ..................... 659,911 483,464 40,688 52,114 52,420 50,070 48,899 48,519 48,490 47,809 47,418 45,737 1,300 176,44Oregon.......................... 570,720 392,601 9,392 40,656 42,508 42,322 42,013 42,924 43,144 43,280 43,528 42,834 0 178,11Pennsylvania................. 1,793,284 1,209,766 16,294 128,120 131,170 130,253 129,292 132,497 134,499 134,782 135,869 135,876 1,114 583,51Rhode Island ................ 143,793 97,734 2,054 10,057 11,070 10,745 10,755 10,865 10,195 9,889 11,150 10,954 0 46,05


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7 62,161 54,685 48,708 44,703 02 10,307 9,779 9,043 9,063 05 76,010 73,509 68,755 67,441 06 391,554 344,241 314,911 298,400 03 41,419 40,964 39,446 38,744 0

9 7,139 7,287 7,329 7,114 04 102,407 96,918 91,403 89,266 06 84,449 81,990 79,465 83,712 07 22,785 21,037 19,155 18,430 07 68,383 66,490 69,076 69,858 03 6,842 6,724 6,424 6,233 0

7 2,802 2,663 2,309 2,203 0

— — — — —— — — — —

— — — — —7 3,404 2,713 2,096 1,844 07 1,088 873 740 716 02 36,913 35,093 32,470 29,640 5,0067 1,677 1,120 1,098 1,082 0



ungraded

5 16 17 18 19 20

—Not available.NOTE: DoD = Department of Defense. The total ungraded counts of students were prorated to the elementary and secondarylevels based on prior reports.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center fofiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 20

South Carolina.............. 725,838 515,581 24,188 54,624 55,328 53,846 54,100 55,636 55,887 54,788 54,280 52,904 0 210,25South Dakota ................ 126,128 87,936 1,974 11,049 9,903 9,498 9,233 9,140 9,321 9,331 9,212 9,275 0 38,19Tennessee .................... 987,422 701,707 28,787 76,642 76,706 74,788 74,793 75,481 75,057 74,615 73,363 71,475 0 285,71Texas ............................ 4,935,715 3,586,609 249,122 374,195 387,899 379,910 375,454 374,111 372,509 361,700 357,395 354,314 0 1,349,10Utah .............................. 585,552 424,979 10,376 48,043 48,770 48,122 46,753 46,127 45,822 44,797 43,942 42,227 0 160,57

Vermont ........................ 96,858 67,989 10,678 6,259 6,213 6,171 6,214 6,291 6,294 6,484 6,628 6,757 0 28,86Virginia.......................... 1,251,440 871,446 30,821 92,899 95,368 93,687 93,328 93,965 94,182 92,762 92,557 91,877 0 379,99Washington................... 1,043,788 714,172 12,056 75,933 78,598 77,707 76,802 78,546 79,062 78,531 78,489 78,448 0 329,61West Virginia................. 282,879 201,472 14,660 21,256 21,167 20,299 20,786 20,493 20,842 20,595 20,919 20,455 0 81,40Wisconsin ..................... 872,286 598,479 50,200 60,721 61,262 60,226 59,981 61,015 61,420 61,053 61,264 61,337 0 273,80Wyoming....................... 89,009 62,786 582 7,611 7,124 7,064 6,801 6,694 6,711 6,766 6,776 6,657 0 26,22

Bureau of Indian Education................ 41,962 31,985 — 4,721 4,042 3,794 3,554 3,397 3,292 3,195 2,998 2,992 0 9,97

DoD, overseas .............. — — — — — — — — — — — — — —DoD, domestic .............. — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Other jurisdictionsAmerican Samoa ...... — — — — — — — — — — — — — —Guam ........................ 31,618 21,561 68 2,102 2,324 2,290 2,302 2,412 2,441 2,469 2,382 2,771 0 10,05Northern Marianas.... 11,105 7,688 462 604 775 782 818 841 855 826 856 816 53 3,41Puerto Rico ............... 473,735 334,613 866 30,968 36,217 33,432 34,442 36,919 36,860 37,066 40,264 37,481 10,098 139,12U.S. Virgin Islands..... 15,495 10,518 — 1,063 1,099 1,138 1,182 1,243 1,217 1,183 1,234 1,159 0 4,97

Table 37. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level, grade, and state or jurisdiction: Fall 2010—Continued


all grades


TotalPrekinder-



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1

78C

HA

PT

ER

2: Elem


ducationE

nrollment

DIG

ES

T O

F E

DU

CA

TIO

N S

TA

TIS

TIC

S 2012



ungraded

5 16 17 18 19 20

2 4,080,016 3,809,135 3,540,964 3,431,686 89,921

5 63,338 57,794 50,199 48,164 07 10,112 10,072 10,874 9,779 01 82,461 80,281 75,372 79,283 140 37,556 35,523 32,567 30,567 1376 524,681 506,192 487,688 478,503 2,352

0 64,106 60,394 57,964 58,526 04 46,385 43,836 42,754 41,029 01 11,726 10,321 8,727 8,317 07 6,181 4,431 3,684 3,301 1801 219,705 199,162 192,433 172,321 0

4 144,918 122,022 108,215 97,779 09 15,327 14,223 12,459 10,621 891 21,763 20,615 19,943 19,250 02 176,457 170,612 146,917 146,476 02 84,235 80,905 77,923 72,999 0

9 37,359 37,494 36,971 38,685 02 37,450 35,672 33,596 33,522 1,2523 54,798 50,703 46,917 43,097 1082 56,163 45,587 40,454 38,828 09 15,259 15,324 14,750 15,246 0

7 74,731 68,025 62,598 61,273 02 78,771 73,298 70,460 67,973 01 140,781 136,697 125,872 126,181 4,9402 65,006 65,871 66,983 74,532 09 40,164 36,215 32,189 28,943 3,318

0 74,943 70,126 67,577 67,254 09 11,563 11,072 10,741 10,563 08 22,765 22,073 21,404 22,266 05 33,735 34,330 29,420 25,935 152 17,108 16,277 15,399 15,588 0

7 108,577 104,572 100,966 98,733 14,8496 29,715 26,763 22,448 20,150 09 238,626 234,375 196,709 188,377 60,9626 128,454 111,955 100,204 88,983 07 7,588 7,701 7,571 7,637 0

1 156,711 139,964 123,404 118,872 00 48,847 45,882 42,591 40,046 4748 44,788 44,090 43,422 46,088 07 151,739 149,834 141,898 140,845 1,2314 13,137 12,245 10,855 10,697 0

Table 38. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level, grade, and state or jurisdiction: Fall 2009


all grades


TotalPrekinder-



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1

United States ....... 49,360,982 34,409,260 1,222,860 3,677,971 3,728,773 3,664,697 3,707,038 3,700,530 3,652,134 3,644,057 3,641,342 3,651,276 118,582 14,951,72

Alabama ....................... 748,889 529,394 7,774 57,019 57,821 56,628 58,608 59,512 58,656 58,231 58,118 57,027 0 219,49Alaska........................... 131,661 90,824 2,475 9,804 9,926 9,827 10,032 10,046 9,864 9,567 9,657 9,626 0 40,83Arizona ......................... 1,077,831 760,420 9,175 84,191 85,725 84,033 84,060 83,686 83,193 81,987 82,050 82,163 157 317,41Arkansas....................... 480,559 344,209 13,504 38,115 37,665 36,934 36,903 36,479 36,489 35,958 36,113 35,715 334 136,35California ...................... 6,263,438 4,264,022 71,783 471,058 470,783 459,334 459,813 465,866 460,248 461,373 466,893 472,856 4,015 1,999,41

Colorado ....................... 832,368 591,378 29,701 64,190 66,076 63,948 63,558 62,929 61,547 60,631 59,669 59,129 0 240,99Connecticut................... 563,968 389,964 15,689 39,866 41,892 40,265 41,205 41,510 41,726 42,507 42,305 42,999 0 174,00Delaware....................... 126,801 87,710 755 9,537 10,160 9,794 9,740 9,672 9,511 9,562 9,460 9,519 0 39,09District of Columbia ...... 69,433 51,656 8,499 5,190 5,023 4,908 4,995 4,893 4,513 4,520 4,394 4,452 269 17,77Florida........................... 2,634,522 1,850,901 51,495 196,057 197,882 198,479 209,068 199,322 198,980 198,789 202,584 198,245 0 783,62

Georgia......................... 1,667,685 1,194,751 41,940 131,325 128,857 128,712 132,515 130,091 128,457 126,060 122,710 124,084 0 472,93Hawaii ........................... 180,196 127,477 1,547 15,970 14,684 14,298 13,619 14,249 13,681 13,287 13,076 12,967 99 52,71Idaho............................. 276,299 194,728 2,646 21,605 21,901 21,734 21,604 21,337 21,364 20,815 20,703 21,019 0 81,57Illinois............................ 2,104,175 1,463,713 84,727 148,097 152,352 152,042 155,488 154,405 152,701 154,420 154,478 155,003 0 640,46Indiana.......................... 1,046,661 730,599 12,444 78,224 80,067 79,092 82,178 79,992 78,871 79,048 79,700 80,983 0 316,06

Iowa .............................. 491,842 341,333 21,804 38,956 35,222 34,823 34,992 35,225 35,006 34,939 35,127 35,239 0 150,50Kansas.......................... 474,489 332,997 10,509 36,461 36,524 35,617 35,853 35,782 35,336 34,978 34,161 34,596 3,180 141,49Kentucky .................

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