Chapter 2 Economy &...
Transcript of Chapter 2 Economy &...
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Chapter 2 – Economy & Development
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Chapter 2 – Economy & Development Section 2: The French Regime (1608-1760)
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France’s Economic Policy during the French Regime
• The economy in NF was based on Mercantilism
• An idea Keep the mother country wealthy
• Accumulate precious metals (gold, silver…)
• Exploit the natural resources of the colonies
• Exploit = use/take advantage of
• For our sake:
–Mother country = France
–Colony = New France
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France’s Economic Policy during the French Regime
• France would take natural resources from NF
– Furs, fish, timber, etc.
• Sell these resources in Europe and/or manufacture goods to sell in Europe AND back to NF in order to make a profit
– Fur clothing, furniture, etc.
Colony (New France)
Furs, fish, timber… Mother Country
(France)
Fur clothing, Furniture…
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France’s Economic Policy during the French Regime
• NF’s role in Mercantilism: “Supply & Buy”
• Supply the natural resources/raw materials
• Buy the finished products from the Mother Country
• Export furs/ buy fur hats
Fur hats from the late 1700s-early 1800s
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Mercantilism & Triangular trade
• NF was not the only colony that was exploited by France
• France had colonies in the Caribbean • These colonies also had to supply NF with
natural resources • NF and the Caribbean colonies also traded
amongst each other • The 3 connecting trade routes formed a
TRIANGLE Triangular Trade • 3 territories involved: France, New France,
Caribbean
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Mercantilism & Triangular trade
• The same things were traded back and forth between NF and France
• The Caribbean colonies sent tobacco, sugar cane, rum to France while manufactured goods were sold back to the Caribbean colony
• Meanwhile NF and the Caribbean colonies would trade amongst each other (see diagram on the next slide)
• Keep in mind that the slave trade was also a big part of the system slaves from Africa were used in both the Caribbean colonies and NF
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Mercantilism & Triangular Trade
Fish, timber
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NF’s Economy… very ‘Furry’
• NF exported many different thing to France – Timber – Fish – Fur
• However, FURS were the main export from NF to France = FUR TRADE IMPORTANT IN NF
• The economy was not diversified (not a lot of economic activities going on)
New France and their exports in 1739
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NF’s Economy… very ‘Furry’
• ‘Agents’ involved in the fur trade – FO hunters trap and
process furs to be traded at trading posts
– ‘Coureurs du Bois’ also acquired furs by bartering with FO groups and bring the furs to trading posts
– Merchants wealthy individuals who financed expeditions to get furs
– Fur trading companies developed the market to sell furs (in France)
Where am I gonna get some of that
sweet, sweet corn?
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Goods like fur clothing sold back to New France and countries in Europe for profit $$$$$
FURS
Hunters get Furs
Hunters or coureurs du bois trade furs to companies in New France (trading posts)
Factories in France turned the furs into hats, clothing, etc.
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How did the fur trade affect the First Occupants?
• The fur trade affected the FO in a few ways: – Alliances were created
• French allied with the Huron group
• The British allied with the Iroquois
– European goods were sought after by the FO
• Metal tools, pots & pans
• Glass beads/ jewelry
• GUNS
• Alcohol
– Negative effects of European goods on FO society
• Alcoholism
• Guns are used to kill a greater number of people with FO society
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How did the Fur Trade affect society?
• Remember:
– The fur trade required small amounts of people to operate
– The fur trading companies didn’t want to give up land for settlement
– Women didn’t really work in the fur trade = lack of women in NF
• All of these factors contributed to slow population growth in NF
• Fur trade = slow population growth
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How did the Fur Trade affect society?
Too many dudes… A result of the Fur trade
So Lonely….
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How did the Fur Trade affect the territory of New France?
• Because of the fur trade:
1. Depletion of animals that provided furs
2. The need for furs grew
3. In order to secure for furs, the territory of NF expanded
4. NF set up trading posts/forts along waterways easy access to trade furs
5. Most of NF’s territory was sparsely settled (small amount of people over a large territory)
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How did the Fur Trade affect the territory of New France?
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How did the Fur Trade affect the territory of New France?
• New France’s territory large, but population is mainly concentrated along St. Lawrence river and parts of Louisiana
• New France’s territory is littered with trading posts/forts
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How did the Fur Trade affect the relations between the French & British Colonies?
• Both colonies had a claim in the fur trade
– Alliances with rival First Nations groups
– Battled for territory rich in furs
• These elements created a commercial rivalry between the 2 colonies leading to wars between them
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Agriculture in New France
• A lot of time, money and energy was put into the Fur Trade
• However, most of the colonists/inhabitants of NF practiced the ‘economic activity’ agriculture
Land being cleared in New France
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Agriculture in New France
• If farmers had a SURPLUS of agricultural products could be sold at a local market or market within a city Montreal
• At time, some surplus could be sent to France grains
• Public markets were developed because of the increase in farmers selling the surplus of agricultural goods
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Agriculture in New France
Artistic depictions of public markets in New France
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Agriculture in New France
• Farming/agriculture in NF wasn’t always about food
• Agricultural products were sometimes made into other products – Grinding grain flour bread
– Hops brewing beer
– Hemp manufacturing clothing, sails and cordage
Floor plan of New France’s first large scale brewery – 1686
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Agriculture in New France
• Farming/agriculture had a big effect on the territory of New France
– Increase in cultivated land = increase in settled territory
– More mills were constructed because of the increase in grain production/need for flour
Windmill in Pointe Claire Village
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Agriculture in New France
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Agriculture in New France
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Jean Talon.. Not just populating the colony
• Jean Talon didn’t just have to increase the population after 1663 he had to diversify the economy
• Before 1663 main focus on the fur trade
• Talon made attempts to bring other economic activities to NF – Asked farmers to grow hemp and flax linen,
rope, etc.
– Started up a large scale brewery
– Diversify farms increase in livestock
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Other Efforts to Diversify the Economy
• Intendants that followed Jean Talon also tried to diversify the economy:
– Iron ore mining in the Mauricie region
– Shipbuilding and shipyard in Quebec City
• However, many of the efforts to diversify the economy did not work
Above: shipbuilding in Quebec City Left: Canadian stamp with Jean Talon on it
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Other Efforts to Diversify the Economy
The Iron forges of St. Mauricie Hemp was used to make sails, rope, clothing
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Other Efforts to Diversify the Economy
• Why did most of these efforts fail?
– Lack of specialized workers for trades (blacksmiths, carpenters, etc.)
– Minimal financial support from France to start up new industries (capital =$$$)
– Major focus on the Fur Trade
– MERCANTILISM didn’t allow colonies to compete with the industries of the mother country
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Artisans and the Rise of Cities
• As people in New France became more established financially materialism
• The need for ‘things’
• Start to see the ‘artisan’ class small shops that manufactured goods
• Artisan = make things by hand from start to finish
• Furniture, wigs, jewelry, hats, etc. ‘Craft activities’
• These artisans would usually live in cities like Montreal
• Result = cities would grow in size
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Artisans and the Rise of Cities
Above: blacksmith shop Right: Men playing billiards
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Connections to the Progressions of learning
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Connections to the Progressions of learning
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Connections to the Progressions of learning
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Connections to the Progressions of learning
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Connections to the Progressions of learning