Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
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Transcript of Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
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Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 2: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 3: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 4: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 5: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 6: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 7: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 8: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 9: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 10: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 11: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 12: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 13: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 14: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 15: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 16: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 17: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 18: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 19: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 20: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 21: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 22: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 23: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 24: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 25: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 26: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 27: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 28: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Chapter 2: Digital Image FundamentalsChapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals
![Page 29: Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061408/56815acb550346895dc89c03/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
MATLAB/Image Processing ToolboxMATLAB/Image Processing Toolbox
function [rt, f, g] = twodsin(A,u0, v0, M, N)% TWODSIN Compares for loops vs. vectorization.% The comparison is based on implementing the function% f(x,y)=Asin(u0x+v0y) for x=0,1,2,…,M-1 and% y=0,1,2,…,N-1. The inputs to the function are% M and N and the constants in the function.
% First implement using for loopstic %start timingfor r=1:M u0x=u0*(r-1); for c=1:N v0y=v0*(c-1); f(r,c)=A*sin(u0x+v0y); endendt1=toc; % End timing
% Now implement using vectorizationtic %start timingr=0:M-1;c=0:N-1;[C,R]=meshgrid(c,r);%special MATLAB function for fast 2F function evaluations% creates all the (x,y) pairs for function evaluationg=A*sin(u0*R+v0*C);
t2=toc; %End timing
%compute the ratio of the two timesrt=t1/(t2+eps); %use eps in case t2 is close to zero.
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Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
MATLAB/Image Processing ToolboxMATLAB/Image Processing Toolbox
>> [rt,f,g]=twodsin(1, 1/(2*pi), 1/(4*pi), 512, 512);>> rt rt = 34.2520 %according to GWE. I only got ~19.>>g=mat2gray(g);>> imshow(g) %show in separate window.
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Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
MATLAB/Image Processing ToolboxMATLAB/Image Processing Toolbox
imshow (f,G)%F is an image array%G is the number of intensity levels. Default is 256.
imwrite(f, ‘filename’)% filename MUST contain a recognized file format extension% .tif or .tiff identify TIFF% .jpg identifies jpeg% additional parameters for tiff and jpeg identify compression, etc.imfiinfo filename% returns all kind of cool file information such as size
Imread(‘filename’)% filename MUST contain an appropriate extension
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Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
MATLAB/Image Processing ToolboxMATLAB/Image Processing Toolbox
indexed
intensity
RGBbinary
General matrix
rgb2ind
rgb2gray
mat2gray
ind2graygray2ind
ind2rgbbw2ind
im2bw
im2bw
im2bw
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Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
MATLAB/Image Processing ToolboxMATLAB/Image Processing Toolbox
One pixel
1 2 3 N
123
M
r
c
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Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com
© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
MATLAB/Image Processing ToolboxMATLAB/Image Processing Toolbox
>> h=imhist(f) %any previously loaded image>> h1=h(1:10:256) %create bins for horiz axis>> horz=(1:10:256; %>> bar(horiz, h1) %>> axis([0 255 0 15000]) %expand lower range of y-axis>> set(gca, ‘xtick’, 0:50:255) %gca means ‘get current axis’>> set(gca, ‘ytick’, 0:2000:15000) %lab h & v ticks