Chapter 2 Contemporary Clinical Psychology INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2E HUNSLEY & LEE...
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Transcript of Chapter 2 Contemporary Clinical Psychology INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2E HUNSLEY & LEE...
Chapter 2 Contemporary Clinical Psychology
INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2EHUNSLEY & LEE
PREPARED BY DR. CATHY CHOVAZ, KING’S COLLEGE, UWO
Contemporary Clinical Psychology
Activities Two Pillars
Assessment & Diagnosis
Intervention Prevention Consultation Research Teaching Supervision: Clinical
& Research Administration
Science Ethics
Clinical psychologists do a variety of activities including: providing psychological assessment providing psychological intervention conducting research providing clinical training consulting with other professionals and agencies
Clinical psychologists work with Individuals, couples, families, groups and
organizations All across the life span
Activities of Clinical Psychologists
Percentage of professional activities of Canadian clinical psychologists
Assessment 30.5Intervention 36.6Consultation 12.9Research 4.6 Teaching 7.7Other 7.7
Adapted from Cohen, Hunsley, Westmacott, & Flear (2008).
Activities of Clinical Psychologists
Assessment is very common and comes in many forms Evaluating the functioning of an individual client Evaluating a family or social unit of some sort Diagnosis Formal standardized testing (cognitive, behavioral
or personality) Assessment in psychotherapy
Planning Monitoring Evaluating
Activities of Assessment & Diagnosis in Clinical Psychology
Intervention is offered by the majority of clinical psychologists. Psychotherapy: talk therapy
Most people attend fewer than 10 sessions regardless of problem
Different approaches (psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, experiential, etc) focus on different issues, (although most challenge thoughts and validate emotions)
Most popular theoretical orientations in Canada is cognitive behavioural (84%) followed by an interpersonal approach (28%) and a psychodynamic approach (24%)
Activities of Intervention in Clinical Psychology
The Prescription Privileges Debate Highly debated Strong support from CPA section –
Psychopharmacology Canada’s publicly-funded health care system
means federal government has concerns about increasing number of practitioners eligible to prescribe expensive pharmacological treatments
Intervention in Clinical Psychology (cont.)
Prevention is less common but growing Primary prevention: prevention of a disease before
it occurs Secondary prevention: reducing the recurrence of a
disease Tertiary prevention: reducing the overall disability
that results from a disease Prevention usually based in community
settings Psychologist usually has several roles in prevention
Developing programs Implementing programs Evaluating outcomes of programs
Activities of Prevention in Clinical Psychology
Consultation Clinical consultation: offering advice and
information for others treatment professionals Organizational (or community) consultation:
evaluating a service, or providing an opinion on how an organization is doing Usually there is a needs assessment, program
development, program evaluation, and policy consultation
Additional Activities of Clinical Psychologists
Research All psychologists are trained to conduct and
evaluate research APA & CPA’s ethics code requires a commitment to
increasing scientific knowledge Small percentage produce research Much more common in university settings Range and content of research varies dramatically
Can be on normal human functioning, psychopathology, assessment, intervention or prevention
Additional Activities of Clinical Psychologists (cont.)
Teaching University courses (graduate or undergraduate) in variety of
areas related to clinical psych Also can teach in several other settings (e.g., community
colleges, in clinics training professionals, to medical students, in workshops/seminars etc.)
Clinical Supervision Close monitoring of training clinicians Done in an individual meeting or with a number of training
clinicians (group supervision) Some supervisors have supervisees audio or videotape their
sessions
Additional Activities of Clinical Psychologists (cont.)
Research Supervision Assisting in the development and implementation
of a research study or program
Administration organization, program development, meetings in
committees
Additional Activities of Clinical Psychologists (cont.)
1. Science of Clinical Psychology Clinical psychologists must maintain their
knowledge of research relevant to their activities This is true for all theoretical orientations However, how research informs practice differs for
many clinical psychologists Balance between open-mindedness and
skepticism
Two Pillars of Clinical Psychology: Science & Ethics
II. Ethics of Clinical Psychology Canadian Code of Ethics – CPA (3rd edition)
Respect for the dignity of persons Responsible caring Integrity in relationships Responsibility to society
Informed consent – all individuals in therapy and participants in research must indicate that they understand and are willing participants
Two Pillars of Clinical Psychology: Science & Ethics
Training in Clinical Psychology Scientist-practitioner model (Boulder Model) Clinical scientist model Practitioner-scholar model (Vail Model)
CPA Accreditation in Clinical Psychology Providing services that are competent for the
larger multicultural community
Additional Aspects to Clinical Psychology
Licensure in Canada Must meet minimal academic & clinical
requirements Required by law to provide ethical and competent
services In all provinces except Quebec and the Yukon
must complete supervision (1 year to 5 years)
Additional Aspects to Clinical Psychology
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