Chapter 2 - Cell Structure and Cell Organization

7/28/2019 Chapter 2 - Cell Structure and Cell Organization

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CHAPTER 2

CELL STRUCTURE & CELLORGANISATION


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All living things are made up of basic units called cells.

Cells vary in shape, sizes and content depending on their function.

A light microscope is usually used to help us observe microscopiccells.


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The living component of a cell is called protoplasm.

Protoplasm = cytoplasm + nucleus

Protoplasm surrounded by plasma membrane.

Plant cells have an outer boundary called the cell wall.


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Animal cell

Plant cell


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Cell Parts and Structures

With electron microscopes, scientists are able to seethe cellular components of a cell in greater detail.

The cytoplasm contains structures called organelles.

Organelles perform specific function which enable the

cell to function as a unit of life.


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A

N

IM

A

L

C

E

L

L


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ANIMAL CELL


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P

L

A

N

T

C

E

L

L


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Controls cellular

activities.

Nucleus membranecontrols inflow and

outflow of material

to and from nucleus

Nucleolus acts as

site of ribosome

construction.

Chromosome

carries hereditary

information.


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Acts as a medium

where biochemical

reactions and mostliving processes

occur within the

cell.

Provides the

organelles with

substances

obtained fromexternal

environment.


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Separates the

content of the cell

from its external

environment.

Regulates the

movement of

substances enteringand leaving the cell.

Allows the exchange

of nutrients,respiratory gases and

wastes products

between the cell and

its environment.


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Chlorophyllcaptures theenergy of sunlightand converts lightenergy into

chemical energyduringphotosynthesis.

The green pigmentof chlorophyllgivesplants their colour.


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Storeschemicals such

as organicacids, sugar,amino acids,

mineral salts,oxygen, carbondioxide and soon.

Regulates waterbalance in

plant cells.


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Maintains the shape of plant cells.

Provides mechanical strength and support

to plant cells.

Protects plants cells fromrupturing due to

the movement of excess water into the

cells.


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Forms a network

of transportation

within the cell.

Rough endoplasmicreticulum

(has ribosomes attached

to its surface)

Transports protein

which is

synthesized in

ribosomes.Smooth endoplasmicreticulum

(does not have ribosomeattach to its surface)

Transports and

synthesized fat and

glycerol


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Site of proteins synthesis.

They are either bound to theendoplasmic reticulum or lie freein the cytoplasm.


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The sites of cellular

respiration. Principle site of

energy production.

Energy generatedor released in the

form of ATP

(adenosine

triphosphate).


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Both has nucleus, cytoplasm,

mitochondrion, ribosome, cell

membrane, rough endoplasmicreticulum, smooth endoplasmicrecticulum and Golgi apparatus

Similarities

Animal Cell Plant Cell


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The Density ofOrganelles in

Specific Cells


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Require energy to propel through the uterus

towards the Fallopian tubes, so that

fertilisation can take place.

Sperm cells

High density of ______


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Mesophyll palisade cells

Absorb sunlight during photosynthesis

High density of ______

Chapter 2 - Cell Structure and Cell Organization

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