Chapter 2 Cardiac Emergencies and CPR. Heart Disease Cardiovascular disease – an abnormal...
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Transcript of Chapter 2 Cardiac Emergencies and CPR. Heart Disease Cardiovascular disease – an abnormal...
Heart Disease
Cardiovascular disease – an abnormal condition that affects the heart and blood vessels.
Coronary heart disease – an abnormal condition that affects the arteries that supply blood to person’s heart.
Heart DiseaseAtherosclerosis – condition in
which the arteries that supply blood to the heart harder and narrow due to plaque build up.
Plaque – cholesterol and fatty deposits
Common Causes of Heart Disease
AgeGenderHeredity StressDiabetesSmoking Alcohol ConsumptionHigh blood pressure High blood cholesterol Being overweight or obese Physical inactivity
Controlling Risk Factors
Changing One’s Lifestyle◦Stop smoking/ Do not start
smoking◦Change diet
Avoid saturated fats and cholesterol
◦Exercise regularly
Heart AttackMyocardial Infarction - Death of or damage to
part of the heart muscle due to an insufficient blood supply.
The term "heart attack" refers to death of heart muscle tissue due to the loss of blood supply, not necessarily resulting in a cardiac arrest or the death of the heart attack victim.
Signs & Symptoms of a Heart Attack
Chest Pain◦ Chest, shoulder, arm, jaw◦ Last longer than 3 – 5 minutes or goes away and
comes backDifficulty Breathing
◦ Short of breath◦ Breathes faster than normal
Skin Appearance◦ Skin may be moist or sweating profusely ◦ Skin may appear pale or ashen
Signs in Women◦ Nausea and vomiting ◦ Back and jaw pain◦ Unexplained fatigue
Calling 9-1-1Victims often deny signals are
seriousDo not let this influence your
decision to call 9-1-1 Most people who die of a heart
attach die within 2 hours of the first signal
9-1-1
Care for a Heart AttackCall 9-1-1Have the person rest comfortablyLoosen any tight clothingMonitor the person’s conditionBe prepared to perform CPR or use
an AEDDo not try to drive the person to
the hospital yourself
Giving Aspirin to Lessen Heart Attack Damage -
If the person is able to take medicine by mouth ask – ◦Are you allergic to aspirin◦Do you have a stomach ulcer or
stomach disease?◦Are you taking any blood thinners,
such as warfarin?◦Have you ever been told by a doctor
to avoid taking aspirin?
Giving Aspirin to Lessen Heart Attack Damage -
If the person answers NO to all of these questions, you may offer him or her two chewable (81 mg) baby aspirins or one 5 grain (325 mg)adult aspirin with a small amount of water.
You may offer these doses of aspirin if the person regains consciousness while you are giving care and is able to take the aspirin by mouth.
Cardiac Arrest
Cardiac arrest is the sudden, abrupt loss of heart function.
Arrhythmias are abnormal, chaotic electrical activity of the heart.
This irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia) causes the heart to suddenly stop beating.
Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) is the most common life threatening abnormal arrhythmia.
Cardiac Chain of SurvivalFor each minute CPR and defibrillation are delayed,
the chance of survival is reduced by about 10 percent.
Early recognition and early access
Early CPR
Early defibrillation
Early advanced medical care
Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationCPR is a method that combines
chest compressions and rescue breathing for a victim who is not breathing and has no pulse.
This technique provides oxygenated blood to vital organs until advanced care arrives.
Given together, rescue breaths and compressions help to take over for the heart and lungs.
CPRSkill Component
Adult Child Infant
Hand Position Two hands in center of chest
Two hands in center of chest
Two or three fingers in center of chest (just below nipple line)
Chest Compressions
Rescue Breaths
At least 2 inches
Until chest clearly rises (about 1 second)
About 2 inches
Until chest clearly rises (about 1 second)
About 1 ½ inches
Until chest clearly rises (about 1 second)
Cycle 30 compressions2 breaths
30 compressions2 breaths
30 compressions2 breaths
Rate 30 compressions in about 18 seconds(at least 100 compressions per minutes)
30 compressions in about 18 seconds(at least 100 compressions per minutes)
30 compressions in about 18 seconds(at least 100 compressions per minutes)
If the Chest Does Not Rise with Rescue Breaths
You give a 1 rescue breath and notice the chest does not rise – ◦Re-tilt the head and before giving the
second breath.If the second breath does not go in the
person may be choking. Give 30 more chest compressions, look
for an object and, if seen, remove.Continue CPR.
If Two Responders Are Available
If the 1st responder is tired and needs help, they should tell the second responder to take over.
The 2nd responder should immediately resume CPR, starting with chest compressions.
When to stop CPR -
The person shows signs of lifeAn AED becomes available and is ready
to useAnother trained responder arrives and
takes overYou are too exhausted to continueThe scene becomes unsafe