Chapter 2Beginning of Civilzation

The Neolithic Age

"New" Stone Age

started about 10,000 years ago and lasted until about 6,000 years ago

Changing the Way of Life

Neolithic people lived differently than Paleolithic people:

The ice glaciers began to melt and plants and animals had to adapt to the warmer climates

Those animals that did not adapt, did not live much longer

Changing the Way of Life

Some people learned how to modify their environment to provide more food

people cleared trees and bushes

They needed to domesticate or tame animals and plants in order for human life to continue to exist

Domestication Timeline (page 83)

Dogs: 20,000 - 15,000 years ago

Fig trees / Rice: 11,000 years ago

Sheep / Goats / Barley / Wheat: 10,500 - 10,000 years ago

Pigs / Cattle: 9,000 years ago

Chickens / Millet: 8,000 years ago

Potatoes / Avocados / Maize / Chickpeas: 7,000 years ago

Domestication Timeline (page 83)

Donkeys / Chili peppers / Watermelons / Guinea pigs: 6,000 years ago

Horses / Camels / Llamas / Cats / Silkworms / Honeybees / Pomegranates: 5,500 - 5,000 years ago

Domestication and Farming

Made Life BetterAnimals provided meat, milk, and wool. They also carried goods and pulled carts

Settlements turned into villages and towns

Jericho (modern day Israel) - oldest walled city

Catal Huyuk (modern day Turkey)