Chapter 2. 3 European powers planted 3 primitive outposts in 3 distant corners Spanish = Santa Fe...
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Transcript of Chapter 2. 3 European powers planted 3 primitive outposts in 3 distant corners Spanish = Santa Fe...
PLANTING OF ENGLISH AMERICA
Chapter 2
AMERICA 3 European powers planted 3 primitive
outposts in 3 distant corners
Spanish = Santa Fe 1610
French = Quebec 1608
English = Jamestown 1607
ENGLAND’S IMPERIAL STIRRINGS Protestant Reformation – Mid 1500’s
King Henry VIII
Queen Elizabeth – 1558ProtestantCrushed the Irish 1570’s – 1580’s
Confiscated Catholic Irish lands“Planted” with new Protestant landlord
ELIZABETH Spread Protestantism
Seizing Spanish ships / settlements
Sea Dogs Sir Francis Drake Deal with Elizabeth
Knighted Drake
Sir Walter Raleigh - 1585 North Carolina = Roanoke Island
Vanished
CONT. 1588
Philip II of Spain Spanish Armada
130 ships English = swifter / maneuverable Defeated Spain
End of Spanish dominanceCaribbean slips from Spain’s graspOverextended
English naval dominanceSigned peace treaty - 1604
ENGLAND’S EMPIRE Tenant farming
Wool industry Unemployment
Overcrowded Surplus population
Primogeniture
Joint Stock Company Gave financial means
JAMESTOWN Virginia Company = 1st Charter
King James I
Gold
Passage through America
Not permanent
CONT. May 24, 1607
3 ships150 peopleLanded in Jamestown Virginia
Chesapeake BayMosquito investedDisease, malnutrition, starvation
1608 John Smith
“He who shall not work shall not eat”
CONT. Pocahontas
Powhatan
1609 400 colonists at Jamestown “Starving Time” = winter
60 survived
1610 Relief party came Governor = Lord De La Warr
CULTURES CLASH
English raided Indian food supplies
Lord De La WarrDeclaration of War against IndiansFirst Anglo-Powhatan War = 1614
1614Pocahontas marries John Rolfe
CONT. Land hungry colonists
Disease
1622Series of attack347 settlers dead
Virginia Company“Perpetual war without peace or truce”Pushed survivors farther west
CONT. 2nd Anglo-Powhatan War – 1644
Native Americans defeated Peace treaty of 1646
Banished
3 D’sDiseaseDisorganizationDisposability
Native Americans served no purpose
INDIANS’ NEW WORLD Horse
Migration into the Great PlainsLakotas (Sioux)New way of life
DiseaseExtinguished cultures
CommerceFirearmsCompetition amongst tribes
VIRGINIA
John RolfeFather of tobacco
Tobacco rushHungered for land
Economic savior
Plantation systemNeeded fresh
laborDutch brought
slaves Too costly Indentured servants
MARYLAND
Catholic haven Lord Baltimore
Reap financial profitsRefuge for fellow Catholics
Tobacco Indentured servants Religious toleration
Act of Toleration - 1649
WEST INDIES Spain weakened grip on West Indies
England claimed several islands Jamaica – 1655
Sugar plantationsRich man’s cropLand clearingSugar millsWealthy investorsSlaves
CONT. 1700
Slaves outnumbered white settlers 4 to 1
Barbados Slave Code – 1661 Denied fundamental rights Masters = complete control
Punishments
West Indies depended on North America for food supplies Small English farmers move North Carolina - 1670
SOUTH CAROLINA Colonization interrupted during mid 1600’s
English Revolution
Developed close ties with West Indies Stage for slave trade
Used Savannah Indians = Manacled Indians
Rice = principal export crop
Charles Town Busiest seaport / Aristocrats
Religious toleration
NORTH CAROLINA Ragtag group, poverty stricken outcasts
Squatters Riffraff
Separated from South Carolina in 1712
Democratic
Independent-minded
Lease aristocratic
GEORGIA - 1733 Last of the 13 colonies Buffer Named after King George Received monetary subsidies Haven for wretched souls imprisoned for
debt James Oglethorpe
“The charity colony”Melting pot / Religious toleration
Except Catholics
SOUTHERN COLONIES