Microelectronics Circuit Analysis and Design Donald Neamen 4th Solutions
Microelectronicsehm.kocaeli.edu.tr/duyuru/dosyalar/2426/chapter2.pdf · · 2012-11-2302.10.2011...
Transcript of Microelectronicsehm.kocaeli.edu.tr/duyuru/dosyalar/2426/chapter2.pdf · · 2012-11-2302.10.2011...
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 1
Microelectronics Circuit Analysis and Design
Donald A. Neamen
Chapter 2
Diode Circuits
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-65McGraw-Hill
In this chapter, we will:
Determine the operation and characteristics of diode rectifier circuits, which is the first stage of the process of converting an ac signal into a dc signal in the electronic power supply.signal in the electronic power supply.
Apply the characteristics of the Zener diode to a Zener diode voltage regulator circuit.
Apply the nonlinear characteristics of diodes to create waveshaping circuits known as clippers and clampers.
Examine the techniques used to analyze circuits
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-66McGraw-Hill
Examine the techniques used to analyze circuits that contain more than one diode.
Understand the operation and characteristics of specialized photodiode and light-emitting diode circuits.
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 2
Block Diagramfor ac to dc Converter
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-67McGraw-Hill
The diode rectifier, filter, and voltage regulator are diode circuits.
Problem-Solving Technique: Diode Circuits
1 Determine the input voltage condition such 1. Determine the input voltage condition such that the diode is conducting (on).a. Find the output signal for this condition.
2. Determine the input voltage such that the diode is not conducting (off).a. Find the output signal for this condition.
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-68McGraw-Hill
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 3
Half-Wave Rectifier
Voltage Transfer Characteristics
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-69McGraw-Hill
Characteristics
Signals of Half Wave Rectifier
Input voltage Output voltage
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-70McGraw-Hill
Diode voltage
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 4
Load Line Analysis
Load line when vS
is at its maximumis at its maximum forward voltage.
Load line when vS
is at its most
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-71McGraw-Hill
negative value.
Load Line (con’t)
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-72McGraw-Hill
As vS varies with time, the load line also changes, which changes the Q-point (vD and iD) of the diode.
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 5
Half-Wave Rectifier as Battery Charger
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-73McGraw-Hill
Full-Wave Rectifier
Voltage transfer characteristics
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-74McGraw-Hill
Input and output waveforms
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 6
Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-75McGraw-Hill
When vS is positive, D1 and D2 are turned on (a). When vS is negative, D3 and D4 are turned on (b).
In either case, current flows through R in the same direction, resulting in an output voltage, vO, shown in (c).
Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-76McGraw-Hill
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 7
Output Voltage of Full-Wave Rectifier with RC Filter
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-77McGraw-Hill
The ripple on the ‘dc’ output isP
Mr T
ffRC
VV
2
1 where
2
Output Voltage of Full-Wave Rectifier with RC Filter
M
r
V
V
T
t 21
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-78McGraw-Hill
Diode conducts current for only a small portion of the period.
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 8
Equivalent Circuit During Capacitance Charging Cycle
MpeakC
MC
tCVi
tCVi
,
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-79McGraw-Hill
M
r
V
Vt
2
PSpice Schematic of Diode Bridge Circuit
Steady state output voltage for a 60Hz sine wave input with peak value of 13.4V.
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-80McGraw-Hill
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 9
Demodulation of Amplitude-Modulated Signal
Modulated input signal
Detector circuit
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-81McGraw-Hill
Demodulated output signal
Voltage Doubler Circuit
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-82McGraw-Hill
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 10
Equivalent Circuits for Input Cycles
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-83McGraw-Hill
Negative input cycle Positive input cycle
Voltage Regulator
ZVI
LIZ
i
ZPSI
LL
III
R
VVI
RI
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-84McGraw-Hill
The characteristics of the Zener diode determines VL.
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 11
Design Example 2.5
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-85McGraw-Hill
Load Line Analysis
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-86McGraw-Hill
The reverse bias I-V is important for Zener diodes.
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 12
Voltage Rectifier with nonzero Zener resistance
The Zener diode begins to conduct when VPS = VZ.
When VPS ≥ VZ: VL = VZ
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-87McGraw-Hill
IL = VZ/RL,, but VZ ≠ constant
I1 = (VPS – VZ)/Ri
IZ = I1 - IL
Voltage Transfer Characteristics of Limiter Circuit
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-88McGraw-Hill
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 13
Single Diode Clipper
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-89McGraw-Hill
Additional Diode Clipper Circuits
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-90McGraw-Hill
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 14
Parallel-Based Diode Clipper Circuit
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-91McGraw-Hill
Series-Based Diode Clipper
Circuits
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-92McGraw-Hill
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 15
Parallel-Based Clipper Circuit Using Zener Diodes
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-93McGraw-Hill
Diode Clamper Circuit
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-94McGraw-Hill
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 16
Diode Clamper Circuit with Voltage Source
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-95McGraw-Hill
Diode and Resistor In Series
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-96McGraw-Hill
Voltage shift between input and output voltages in transfer characteristics is because the diode only conducts when v1 ≥ V.
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 17
Diode with Input Voltage Source
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-97McGraw-Hill
Output voltage is a constant when the diode is not conducting, when v1 ≥ Vs - V.
2 Diode Circuit
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-98McGraw-Hill
Voltage transfer characteristics
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 18
Problem-Solving Technique: Multiple Diode Circuits
1 Assume the state of the diode 1. Assume the state of the diode. a. If assumed on, VD = Vb. If assumed off, ID = 0.
2. Analyze the ‘linear’ circuit with assumed diode states.
3. Evaluate the resulting state of each diode.4 If i iti l ti
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-99McGraw-Hill
4. If any initial assumptions are proven incorrect, make new assumption and return to Step 2.
Exercise problem
D1 is not on.
D2 is on. This pins VO to -0.6V
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-100
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 19
Diode Logic Circuits:2-Input OR Gate
V1 (V) V2 (V) VO (V)1 ( ) 2 ( ) O ( )
0 0 0
5 0 4.3
0 5 4.3
5 5 4 3
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-101McGraw-Hill
5 5 4.3
V = 0.7V
Diode Logic Circuits:2-Input AND Gate
V 1 V 2 V O1( V )
2( V )
O( V )
0 0 0
5 0 0
0 5 0
5 5 4 3
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-102
5 5 4.3
V = 0.7V
02.10.2011
Chapter 2 20
Photodiode Circuit
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-103
Optoisolator
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 1-104