Chapter 19.1 The Civil War Begins

• 1860– Abraham Lincoln is

elected President of the Untied States.

• During the election, he had spoken out strongly against the spread of slavery and hoped that one day it would end.

– But to have slavery end, what would have to happen to America?

Lincoln’s Goal: Remain United• Lincoln hoped to

prevent a war.– “We are not enemies, but

friends,” Lincoln told Southerners after taking the oath of office. • “In your hands…is the issue of

Civil War.”

• In other words, what do you think Pres. Lincoln is saying?

Secession!Secession!

A New Country Formed• Together these seven

states formed a new country. – Called the Confederate

States of America.

– Had own government• Led by President Jefferson

Davis

• Question for Pres. Davis– What will the South do?

The first move in the game of Chess:Fort Sumter

• Pres. Lincoln received word that supplies were running out at Fort Sumter, South Carolina. – If supplies did not

come soon, they would have to surrender the fort to the Confederacy.

The Confederacy surrounds Ft. Sumter

• Pres. Davis has to make a decision:

– Does he attack the fort? • If he does, is he prepared

to have the U.S. Army attack back?

– Does he starve the men to death? • Aren’t they Americans

too?

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

• Confederate forces asked for its surrender.

• Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies.

• What happens next?– Confederate cannons began firing on April

12, 1861.

– Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later.

• Pres. Lincoln orders 75,000 troops to SC to stop the rebellion.

Rating the North & SouthRating the North & South

Slave/Free States Population, 1861Slave/Free States Population, 1861

Railroad Lines 1860Railroad Lines 1860

Resources: North & South

Resources: North & South

Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

The Union & Confederacy in 1861

The Union & Confederacy in 1861

Why Pres. Davis was Concerned over how the North would react:

• Wealth produced: – Factory production– Textile goods produced – Iron production – Coal production

• The north can make lots of weapons…

– Livestock– Wheat production – Corn production

• The North can feed a huge army!

Overview of Northern Disadvantages

• Fought on Southern lands

• Had to come to grasps with idea that they are fighting other Americans– Some are their family

members…

Overview of Southern Advantages• Fighting a defensive war

– Local support of all men– familiarity with terrain

• Motivation: seeking independence, unified support

• Short communication lines/ friendly population

• Experienced officer corps– Most graduates of West Point

Overview of Southern Disadvantages

• Smaller population

• Few factories to manufacture weapons and supplies

• Poor transportation system

• Weak federal government = not strong enough to control Southern states– Jefferson Davis did not

have complete power like Lincoln

Overview: The North’s Strategy to Win the WarOverview: The North’s Strategy to Win the War

Anaconda Plan:created by Winfield Scott

Goal: surround the Confederacy and squeeze them into submission

The Anaconda Plan

• Capture Richmond and force surrender

• Control of the Mississippi River to Stop the transport of:– Soldiers– Weapons– Ammunition– Clothes– Food

• Blockade southern ports to stop– cotton shipments– supplies from foreign nations

Southern Strategy

• Goal: to be recognized as an independent nation in order to preserve their way of life

• Defend its homeland– Hold onto as much territory

as possible until the North got tired of fighting

• Capture Washington, D.C.

• Gain England's support– Or at least France’s.