Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.
-
Upload
lilliana-leedom -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.
![Page 1: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 19World War I and Its Aftermath
Section 2
The Home Front
![Page 2: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Building Up the Military
• As the U.S. entered the war; it was necessary to recruit more soldiers.
• Many progressives thought conscription, or forced military service, violated both democratic and republican principles.
• A new system of conscription, called selective service, resulted in about 2.8 million Americans being drafted.
![Page 3: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 5: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
African Americans in War
• African American soldiers faced discrimination and prejudice within the army, where they served in racially segregated units under the control of white officers.
• Many won praise from their commanders and won medals.
![Page 6: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Women in the Military
• WWI was the first war in which women officially served.
• Navy enlisted 11,000 women.
• The army, refusing to enlist women, hired them as temporary employees to fill clerical positions.
• Army nurses were the only women in the military to go overseas during the war.
![Page 7: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Organizing Industry
• President Wilson and Congress agreed that the gov’t should not control the economy.
• They wanted to establish a cooperative relationship between big business and gov’t to ensure efficient use of resources during the mobilization of the American economy for war.
![Page 9: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The War Industries Board
• 1917 – the WIB was created to coordinate the production of war materials.
• 1918 – the WIB was reorganized and Bernard Baruch, a wealthy Wall Street stockbroker, was appointed to run it.
• Controlled the flow of raw materials, ordered construction of new factories, and, with the president’s approval, set prices.
![Page 10: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Food and Fuel
• The Food Administration, under Herbert Hoover, was responsible for increasing food production while reducing consumption.
• Hoover asked people to plant victory gardens to raise their own vegetables in order to leave more food for the troops.
![Page 12: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Food and Fuel
• The Fuel Administration encouraged people to conserve coal and oil.
• Daylight savings time was introduced to conserve industry.
![Page 13: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Paying for the War
• *Don’t Write*
• By the end of the war the U.S. was spending about $44 million a day – leading to a total expenditure of about $32 billion.
• Taxes alone could not cover the expenditures.
![Page 14: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Paying for the War
• To raise money, the gov’t began selling Liberty Bonds and Victory Bonds.
• By buying bonds, Americans were loaning money that would be repaid with interest in a specified number of years.
![Page 15: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Mobilizing the Workforce
• To prevent strikes, the National War Labor Board (NWLB) was established in 1918.
• In exchange for wage increases, 8 hour workday, and the right to organize unions and bargain collectively, the labor leaders agreed not to disrupt war production with a strike.
![Page 17: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Women Support Industry
• The war increased the need for women in the workforce.
• They took factory and manufacturing jobs and positions in the shipping and RR industries.
• After the war, women returned to their previous jobs or left the workforce.
![Page 18: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Great Migration Begins
• The war stopped the flow of immigrants to the U.S., which allowed African Americans wartime jobs.
• B/w 300,000 & 500,000 AA left the South to settle in the North.
![Page 20: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Mexican Americans Head North
• Many Mexicans moved north, providing labor for farmers and ranchers in the American SW.
• Mexicans also took wartime factory jobs.
• Faced discrimination and hostility from all Americans.
![Page 22: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
“Selling the War”
• The Committee on Public Information (CPI), was a new gov’t agency that attempted to “sell” the idea of war to the American people.
• Pamphlets and speeches helped deliver patriotic messages.
![Page 23: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Civil Liberties Curtailed
• Espionage, or spying to acquire secret gov’t information, was addressed in the Espionage Act of 1917.
• It set up consequences for people who aided the enemy.
• The Sedition Act of 1918 went a step further by making it illegal to criticize the president or gov’t.
![Page 24: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Climate of Suspicion
• Suspicion of disloyalty led to the mistreatment of German-Americans.
• Feeling led to violence.
• Anyone appearing disloyal came under attack.
![Page 25: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Supreme Court Limits Free Speech
• Schenck v. the U.S. (1919), the Supreme Court ruled limiting an individual’s freedom of speech if the words spoken constituted a “clear and present danger.”
• Example: “FIRE!”
![Page 26: Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath Section 2 The Home Front.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551bd99e550346b4588b5969/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
End of Section 2
Next: Section 4
The War’s Impact