Chapter 18, Section 3. The Grange Movement An early national farm organization in the United States...
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Transcript of Chapter 18, Section 3. The Grange Movement An early national farm organization in the United States...
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Chapter 18, Section 3
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The Grange Movement• An early national farm organization
in the United States• Worked for mutual welfare• AKA the Patrons of Husbandry
• Organized by Oliver Kelley
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The Grange Movement
Problems of
Farmers
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Overproduction
• New technology produced more• Drives prices down too much• Farmers not making any money
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High Costs
• Railroads charging high prices to transport goods
• Storage facilities charging to much to store products
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Natural Disasters
• Cannot control the weather• Sever draughts ruin crops
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Debt
• Farmers need money so they borrow from banks
• They do not make enough money to pay the bank back
• Now their at the mercy of the interest rate
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The Vicious Cycle
Problems of
Farmers
Debt
Natural Disasters
High Costs
Overproduction
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What did they do???• Got laws passed that fixed
maximum freight & passenger rates
• Forbade railroads to discriminate between places or shippers
• Attempted to regulate monopolies of such farmer necessities as grain elevators and warehouses (Munn v. Illinois 1877 )
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Munn v. Illinois
• Court ruled that the Constitution recognized a state’s right to a “police power” that permitted regulation of private property “affected with a public interest.”
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CHANGES ON THE WESTERN FRONTIER
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Great Plains IndiansHorse – Travel farther & hunt more
efficiently; led to more wars
Buffalo – Provided basic needs & was central to surviving
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Treat at Fort Laramie
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Assimilation
• Native Americans would give up their beliefs & way of life & become a part of white culture
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Dawes Act
• Gave 160 acres of land to Indians for individual farms
• On probation for 25 years
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Destruction of buffalo
• Tourists and white settlers shot buffalo for sport
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Battle of Wounded Knee
• 7th cavalry rounded up 350 starving & freezing Sioux
• Shots fired, 300 dead
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Whites Settle the Great Plains
Homestead Act– 160 acres of free land; have to farm it
within 5 years
Exoduster– African Americans who moved from
post-Reconstruction South to Kansas
Oklahoma Land Rush– 1889 – 2 million acres claimed in a
dayhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFrVoG-edFc
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THE POPULIST PARTY
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What is a third party?
A political party organized as opposition to the existing parties in a two-party system
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THE POPULIST PLATFORM
Voting Work DaySenatorsGov’t
OwnershipOf:
Money ImmigrationPresidencyTax
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Money
• Wanted to inflate the currency by either printing paper money or coining silver
vs
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Tax
• Wanted a graduated federal income tax
• It would take a higher proportion of large incomes than of small incomes
• “The more you make the more you pay”
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Presidency
• Wanted a single term for the President and Vice-President
• Backed candidate William Jennings Bryan
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Immigration
• Restrict immigration • Too much overproduction already
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Voting
•A secret ballot to end vote fraud
•Wanted to institute initiative, recall & referendum
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Initiative– Would enable the people to introduce
bills in Congress & in state legislatures by petition
Recall– Would enable voters to remove
elected officials from elected positions before their terms were completedReferendum
– Would allow the people to vote on bills after they had been passed by a legislature
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Government Ownership
• Called for government ownership & operation of the railroads, & the telegraph and telephone systems
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Senators
• Wanted direct election of Senators instead of by state legislatures
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Work Day
• 8-hour workday• Bread & Butter Issues (needed to
attract more than just farmers if they wanted to be successful)
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Gold vs. SilverBUSINESS FARMERS
Bankers & businessmen
Farmers & laborers
Gold Standard; Less money in circulation
Bimetallism;More money in circulation
Loans would be repaid in stable money
Products would be sold at higher prices
DEFLATION:•Prices fall•Value of & increases•Fewer people have $
INFLATION:•Prices rise•Value of $ decreases•More people have $
Who They Were
What They Wanted
Why
Effects