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Transcript of Chapter 18 Respiratory Care
8/12/2019 Chapter 18 Respiratory Care
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Chapter 18Respiratory Care
Health CareScience
Technology
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 182
Objectives
Define the respiratory system.
Summarize the services provided byrespiratory care professionals.
Identify diagnostic and therapeutic
procedures performed by a respiratory
therapist.
Identify the therapeutic effects and
hazards of oxygen therapy.
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 183
Objectives (cont.)
Order the steps for providing oxygen.
Assess the advantages anddisadvantages of aerosolized medications.
Evaluate the outcomes of medicatedaerosol therapy.
Give reasons for performing hyperinflationtherapy.
Successfully complete 3 respiratoryprocedures.
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 184
Careers in Respiratory Care 18-1
The Certified Respiratory Therapist and
the Registered Respiratory Therapist The Pulmonary Function Technologist
Anatomy and Physiology of theRespiratory System
Respiratory Diagnostic Procedures Respiratory Therapeutic Procedures
Mechanical Ventilation
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8/12/2019 Chapter 18 Respiratory Care
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Anatomy and Physiology
of the Respiratory System
Components of the respiratory system:
– Upper air passages. – The lungs.
– The bloodstream.
–
Muscles that cause inhaling and exhaling. The job of the respiratory system:
– To bring oxygen into the body.
– To expel carbon dioxide.
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Anatomy and Physiology
of the Respiratory System (cont.)
The airways consist of:
– Nasal passages. – Oral cavity (the mouth).
– Throat or pharynx.
– Voice box or larynx.
– Windpipe. – Bronchi (main airways in
the lungs).
– Bronchioles (airways offthe bronchi).
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Respiratory Diagnostic Procedures
Help assess the level of lung
function. Determine whether specific
types of illness or conditions
are present.
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Mechanical Ventilation
Reasons to use:
– To keep moving enoughoxygen into the bloodstream
and removing enough
carbon dioxide from the
lungs when other respiratory
procedures fail.
– When the client has gone
into respiratory arrest
(stopped breathing).
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Section 18-1
Apply Your Knowledge
Certified Respiratory Therapists
and Registered RespiratoryTherapists must pass boards
given by what agency?
Answer:
National Board for Respiratory Care
(NBRC).
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Respiratory Care Procedures 18-2
Oxygen Therapy
Medicated Aerosol Therapy
Hyperinflation Therapy
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Oxygen Therapy
Common lung diseases can
lower the level of oxygen in theblood, causing the need for
supplemental oxygen.
Oxygen is considered a drugand must be ordered by a
physician.
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Oxygen Therapy (cont.)
Reasons for Oxygen Therapy
– Low levels of oxygen in the blood(hypoxemia).
– Work demands of breathing.
– Work of the heart.
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Oxygen Therapy (cont.)
Nasal Cannula Simple Mask
Oxygen Delivery Devices
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Oxygen Therapy (cont.)
Monitoring Oxygen Therapy
– Improvements expected with oxygentherapy:
Client’s thinking ability should improve.
Shortness of breath (SOB) should decrease.
Vital signs should become closer to normal.
PaO2 should rise to an acceptable level.
Pulse oximetry values should improve.
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Oxygen Therapy (cont.)
Hazards of Oxygen Therapy
– Oxygen toxicity – too much oxygenfor too long a time.
– Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) –
high oxygen levels in infants. – Atelectasis – lung collapse.
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Medicated Aerosol Therapy
Causes airways to open up, or
bronchodilate. Has minimal side effects, since
the medication travels directly
into the lungs.
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Medicated Aerosol Therapy (cont.)
The Advantages of Aerosolized
Medications – Can use smaller doses.
– Act very quickly.
– Side effects are minimal.
– Convenient, easy, and painless touse.
– Can be used at home.
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Medicated Aerosol Therapy (cont.)
The Disadvantages of Aerosolized
Medications – Difficult to administer the correct
dosage each time.
– Difficult to teach the client how to
use. – Health care providers may not know
how to instruct the client on theproper techniques.
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1823
Medicated Aerosol Therapy (cont.)
Types of Drugs Given by Aerosol
– Nasal decongestants – Containvasoconstrictors, drugs that decrease the
blood flow to nose vessels causing nasal
passages to open.
–
Bronchodilators – Drugs that increase thediameter of lung airways.
– Antiasthmatics – Used to prevent or
decrease the number of asthma attacks.
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1824
Medicated Aerosol Therapy (cont.)
Types of Drugs Given by Aerosol (cont.)
– Corticosteroids – Drugs that may be inhaledand are used for anti-inflammatory
maintenance.
– Mucolytics – Drugs used to break down
secretions within the lungs. – Antimicrobials – Used to treat a number of
bacterial and fungal pulmonary infections.
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1825
Medicated Aerosol Therapy (cont.)
Aerosol Drug Delivery System
– The Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)The most commonly used aerosol drug
delivery system.
A small portable pressurized device that
delivers medication to the lungs.
Consists of a canister that contains a
pressurized gas propellant and
medication.
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1826
Medicated Aerosol Therapy (cont.)
Metered Dose Inhaler Accessories
– Add-on devices include: spacer, holdingchamber, and extension device.
– Advantages of using accessories are:Medication enters through the client’s mouth
and does not hit the face.
Particle size is kept consistent.
Client is able to inhale particles more deeply
into lungs.
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1828
Hyperinflation Therapy
Also known as lung expansion
therapy. Partial or full lung collapse is
known as atelectasis.
Used when the client is unableto take an occasional deep
breath.
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1831
Hyperinflation Therapy (cont.)
Incentive spirometer is used to
prevent or treat existing atelectasis. Clients who may be prone to
atelectasis :
– Have had upper abdominal surgery.
– Have had thoracic (chest) surgery.
– Have chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease (COPD).
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1832
Hyperinflation Therapy (cont.)
Clients who may be prone to
atelectasis (cont.): – Are undergoing or have
undergone surgery.
– Have been bedridden for extended
periods of time. – Are heavy smokers and are
undergoing or have undergonesurgery.
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1833
Section 18-2
Apply Your Knowledge
What is another name for
hyperinflation therapy?
Answer:
Lung expansion therapy.
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1834
Procedures in Student Text
18A Administering Oxygen
18B Delivering an MDI Treatment
18C Administering Incentive
Spirometry (IS)