Chapter 18: New South & Trans-Miss

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Experience HistoryExperience History

DAVIDSON • GIENAPP • HEYRMAN • LYTLE • STOFFDAVIDSON • GIENAPP • HEYRMAN • LYTLE • STOFF

Chapter 18: Chapter 18: The New South & The New South &

The Trans-Mississippi West, The Trans-Mississippi West, 1870-19141870-1914


PreviewPreview

““By the end of the nineteenth century, both the By the end of the nineteenth century, both the South and West had assumed their place as South and West had assumed their place as suppliers of raw materials, providers of suppliers of raw materials, providers of foodstuffs, and consumers of finished goods. foodstuffs, and consumers of finished goods. A nation of ‘regional nations’ was thus knit A nation of ‘regional nations’ was thus knit together in the last third of the nineteenth together in the last third of the nineteenth century. Not all southerners and westerners century. Not all southerners and westerners were happy with the result.”were happy with the result.”

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The HighlightsThe Highlights

The Southern BurdenThe Southern Burden Life in the New SouthLife in the New South Western FrontiersWestern Frontiers War for the WestWar for the West Boom and Bust in the WestBoom and Bust in the West The Final FrontierThe Final Frontier

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The Southern BurdenThe Southern Burden

Agriculture in the New SouthAgriculture in the New South– A cotton-dominated economyA cotton-dominated economy– Large families remained common in the SouthLarge families remained common in the South

Tenancy and SharecroppingTenancy and Sharecropping– Agricultural ladder: perception that any poor man Agricultural ladder: perception that any poor man

could work his way up rung by rungcould work his way up rung by rung– Crop-lien systemCrop-lien system

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Map: Tenant Farmers, 1900Map: Tenant Farmers, 1900

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Southern IndustrySouthern Industry– Boom in textilesBoom in textiles– Tobacco and cigarette growth encouraged Tobacco and cigarette growth encouraged

urbanization and investmenturbanization and investment

Timber and SteelTimber and Steel– Environmental costsEnvironmental costs– Birmingham steel Birmingham steel

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The Sources of Southern PovertyThe Sources of Southern Poverty– Late start in industrializingLate start in industrializing– Undereducated laborUndereducated labor– The isolated southern labor market: fear of outsidersThe isolated southern labor market: fear of outsiders

““Under the campaign for a New South, all Under the campaign for a New South, all [industries] grew dramatically in employment and [industries] grew dramatically in employment and value, but not enough to end poverty or industrialize value, but not enough to end poverty or industrialize the region.”the region.”

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Spending on Education in the South Spending on Education in the South before and after Disfranchisementbefore and after Disfranchisement

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Life in the New SouthLife in the New South

Rural LifeRural Life– Hunting: welcome relief from heavy farm workHunting: welcome relief from heavy farm work– Farm entertainments: work-sharing festivals Farm entertainments: work-sharing festivals

celebrated the harvest celebrated the harvest – Town: trips to town provided rural folk a chance to Town: trips to town provided rural folk a chance to

minglemingle

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The ChurchThe Church– Rural religion dominated the SouthRural religion dominated the South– Separation of race and genderSeparation of race and gender

SegregationSegregation– Laissez-faire race relationsLaissez-faire race relations– Jim Crow lawsJim Crow laws– Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson

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Western FrontiersWestern Frontiers

Western LandscapesWestern Landscapes– ““Great American Desert”Great American Desert”– Complex web of cultures and environments Complex web of cultures and environments

Indian Peoples and the Western EnvironmentIndian Peoples and the Western Environment– Variety of Indian culturesVariety of Indian cultures– Shared reverence for natureShared reverence for nature

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Whites and the Western Environment: Whites and the Western Environment: Competing VisionsCompeting Visions– William Gilpin, a western boosterWilliam Gilpin, a western booster– John Wesley PowellJohn Wesley Powell– Water as a key resourceWater as a key resource

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Map: Natural Environment of the WestMap: Natural Environment of the West

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War for the West War for the West

Contact and ConflictContact and Conflict– Chivington massacreChivington massacre– Buffalo soldiersBuffalo soldiers

Custer’s “Last Stand”—and the Indians’Custer’s “Last Stand”—and the Indians’– Battle of Little Big HornBattle of Little Big Horn– Chief JosephChief Joseph

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Killing with KindnessKilling with Kindness– La Fleche and JacksonLa Fleche and Jackson– The Dawes ActThe Dawes Act– Wounded KneeWounded Knee

BorderlandsBorderlands– Juan José Herrera and the White CapsJuan José Herrera and the White Caps– Mexican immigrants worked mostly as contract and Mexican immigrants worked mostly as contract and

seasonal laborersseasonal laborers– Formation of regional communitiesFormation of regional communities

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Map: The Indian FrontierMap: The Indian Frontier

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Ethno-Racial Identity in the New WestEthno-Racial Identity in the New West– A new racial triad: Anglos, African Americans, and A new racial triad: Anglos, African Americans, and

LatinosLatinos– Racial identity in the New West would be more Racial identity in the New West would be more

complicatedcomplicated

““By the 1920s a multiracial labor force of landless By the 1920s a multiracial labor force of landless wage earners worked on giant ranches and farms wage earners worked on giant ranches and farms across the Southwest. In Texas the labor force was across the Southwest. In Texas the labor force was triracial, but in California it also included Asian triracial, but in California it also included Asian Americans and, elsewhere, American Indians.”Americans and, elsewhere, American Indians.”

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Boom and Bust in the WestBoom and Bust in the West

Mining Sets a PatternMining Sets a Pattern– Prostitution flourished openly in mining townsProstitution flourished openly in mining towns– Environmental costs of miningEnvironmental costs of mining

The Transcontinental RailroadThe Transcontinental Railroad– Railroad land grants Railroad land grants – By threatening to bypass a town, railroad companies By threatening to bypass a town, railroad companies

could extract concessionscould extract concessions

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Cattle KingdomCattle Kingdom– Home on the range—cattle ranches organized Home on the range—cattle ranches organized

according to family units and hired handsaccording to family units and hired hands– Western boom and bustWestern boom and bust

Home on the RangeHome on the Range– Open-range cattle ranches were primitiveOpen-range cattle ranches were primitive– Land use conflicts between homesteading farmers, Land use conflicts between homesteading farmers,

ranchers, and the railroadsranchers, and the railroads

A Boom and Bust CycleA Boom and Bust Cycle– Cattle boom began with the first long drive in 1866Cattle boom began with the first long drive in 1866– Overgrazing, drought, and record-setting cold winters Overgrazing, drought, and record-setting cold winters

ended the open range and the long drivesended the open range and the long drives

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Map: The Mining and Cattle FrontiersMap: The Mining and Cattle Frontiers

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The Final FrontierThe Final Frontier

A Rush for LandA Rush for Land– Boomers and SoonersBoomers and Sooners– Dream of the West as a garden paradise was being Dream of the West as a garden paradise was being

shakenshaken

Farming on the PlainsFarming on the Plains– Homestead ActHomestead Act– Bonanza farmsBonanza farms

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A Plains ExistenceA Plains Existence– Heaviest burdens fell to womenHeaviest burdens fell to women– Religion: Indians turned to traditional spiritualism, and Religion: Indians turned to traditional spiritualism, and

Hispanics to the Catholic churchHispanics to the Catholic church

The Urban FrontierThe Urban Frontier– Transition from a raw frontier to a settled townTransition from a raw frontier to a settled town– Urban West growing at a rapid rateUrban West growing at a rapid rate

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The West and the World EconomyThe West and the World Economy– Foreign investment generally came in two forms: Foreign investment generally came in two forms:

direct stock purchases and loans to western direct stock purchases and loans to western corporations and individualscorporations and individuals

– Westerners were part of a vast network of production Westerners were part of a vast network of production and trade that spanned the globeand trade that spanned the globe

Packaging and Exporting the “Wild West”Packaging and Exporting the “Wild West”– William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody idealized as an icon of William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody idealized as an icon of

the mythic Westthe mythic West

The South and the West in SumThe South and the West in Sum– Trying, and generally failing, to out-Yankee the Trying, and generally failing, to out-Yankee the

industrial Yankeeindustrial Yankee

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Chapter 18: New South & Trans-Miss

Career

Transcript of Chapter 18: New South & Trans-Miss