Chapter 17 Vitamins, OTC Supplements, Antidotes, and Miscellaneous Topics.
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Transcript of Chapter 17 Vitamins, OTC Supplements, Antidotes, and Miscellaneous Topics.
Chapter 17
Vitamins, OTC Supplements, Antidotes, and Miscellaneous Topics
Medical Foods
• Not FDA approved• Manufacturer may determine that
medical food must have Rx to be dispensed, but no FDA review required
• Used for burn victims, kidney dialysis patients, or patients with CV disease or osteoporosis
Probiotics
• Stimulate the growth of beneficial (“good”) bacteria in the body
• Most common probiotic products and use– acidophilus: diarrhea, vaginitis– Activia: constipation– Align: IBS– Culturelle: diarrhea– Flora-Q: IBS– Lactinex: diarrhea, cold sores
Water Deficits
• Caused by loss of body fluids resulting from disorders such as– vomiting– diarrhea– edema– large urine output– excessive sweating from fever– acute weight loss
Electrolytes
• Compounds that form ions when dissolved in water
• Ions are electrically charged particles• sodium and water = blood volume
and blood pressure = circulatory collapse
Electrolytes
• Na+ - acid-base & water balance, electroactivity
• K+ - acid-base & water balance, nervous system function
• Ca++- bone formation, coagulation, contractility
• Mg++- normal nerve and muscle function
IV Therapy
• An isotonic solution has the same level of each type of particles as the body fluids, e.g. 0.9% NaCl
Enteral Nutrition
• Patients fed through a tube leading to the GI system (stomach or small intestines)
• Preferred method over IV therapy because GI system will remain functional
Parental Nutrition
• Parental nutrition (PN): patient fed through a view
• Total parenteral nutrition (TPN): provides patient with all nutritional requirements through the parental route
Alternative Supplements
• Use of herbs to treat various complaints• Herbs were the original source of many
important drugs• Herbs have served as models for many
synthetic drugs
Safety Issues
• Many people think herbals products are nontoxic and safe, but this is not completely true
• FDA prevents relatively poisonous plants from being on the market, however safety issues still exist
Three Particular Safety Concerns
• One herb may be mistaken for another– Could result in serious side effects or allergic
response
• Potential for interactions with other herbs and drugs
• Patient may try to treat themselves with herbal products and forgo effective treatment
Some Problems With Herbal Supplements
• Lack of regulation and standardization– No FDA quality control– Content of herbal products varies widely
• Accurate information is hard to find• Determining toxicity– Some of the most toxic chemicals are obtained from
plants
Alternative Supplements
• Chamomile- anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic
• Chondroitin- arthritis• chromium picolinate- weight loss, improve
insulin metabolism• coenzyme Q10- CHF• dong quai- menstrual cramps• Echinacea- common cold• enada, NADH- mental clarity, fatigue
Alternative Supplements
• Feverfew- migraine prophylaxis• Garlic- HTN and hyperlipidemia• Ginger- antiemetic• Ginkgo- circulatory stimulant• Ginseng- energy • Glucosamine- arthritis • Hawthorn- cardiovascular problems
Alternative Supplements
• Kava- anxiety, psychosis, induces relaxation
• Melatonin- sleep • saw palmetto- prostate • St. John’s wort- depression • Valerian- sleep • Yohimbe- impotence
Poisons and Antidotes
• Children under 6 at high risk of accidental poisoning
• Common drugs that cause the most childhood poisonings– Iron tablets– TCAs– Calcium channel blockers– Opiates– Aspirin– Alcohol
Klor-Con/Potassium Chloride
• Used to prevent or to treat low levels of potassium
• Category C
Folvite/Folic Acid
• B vitamin• Produce & maintain new cells, prevent
changes to DNA• Tx: anemia, folic acid deficiency• Preg. Cat A