Chapter 16 Section 5 Europe & Japan in Ruins Objective: Compare postwar governments in Europe &...
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Transcript of Chapter 16 Section 5 Europe & Japan in Ruins Objective: Compare postwar governments in Europe &...
Chapter 16 Section 5Europe & Japan in RuinsObjective: Compare postwar governments in Europe & Japan
Vocabulary: Nuremberg Trials, Demilitarization, & Democratization
Setting the Stage•After 6 long years of war,
the Allies finally were victorious
•WW2 caused more deaths & destruction than any other conflict in history
•Over 60 million people killed
•Another 50 million were uprooted from their homes & wandered the countryside in search of somewhere to live
Devastation in Europe•40 million
Europeans had died, 2/3rds of them were civilians
•Constant bombing & shelling had reduced hundreds of cities to rubble
•Millions of people were now homeless
A Harvest of Destruction• Cities like London &
Warsaw were completely destroyed
• In 1939, Warsaw had 1.3 million citizens by the end of the war they only have 153,000 citizens
• 95% of Berlin was demolished by Allied bombing
• They had no water, no electricity, & very little food
• Europeans wandered across Europe, hoping to find their families or to find a safe place to live
Misery Continues After the War• Many found they were now
in different countries when postwar treaties changed national borders
• The misery in Europe continued for years after the war
• Thousands died as famine & disease spread through the destroyed cities
• The first winter was the toughest as people went without shoes & coats
Postwar Governments & Politics•Europeans often blamed
their leaders for the war & its aftermath
•Some countries returned to their prewar governments
•Others like Germany & Italy did not return to old leadership ways
•Communism began to spread however after some violent strikes their influence began to declining
The Nuremberg Trials• During 1945 to 1946,
an International Military Tribunal representing 23 nations put Nazi war criminals on trial – Nuremberg Trials
• 22 Nazi leaders were charged with waging a war or aggression
• Nazi leaders were also accused of committing “crimes against humanity”
The Nuremberg Trials• Himmler & Goebbels
committed suicide before the trials began
• Goring will be sentenced to death but will also commit suicide
• 10 Nazi leaders were hanged on October 16th 1946
• The bodies of those executed were burned at the concentration camp of Dachau
Postwar Japan•The defeat suffered
by Japan in World War II left the country in ruins
•2 million lives had been lost
•Their major cities like Tokyo has been ruined by bombing raids
•Hiroshima & Nagasaki were blackened wastelands
Occupied Japan• General Douglas
MacArthur took charge of U.S. occupation of Japan
• Demilitarization: disbanding the Japanese armed forces
• MacArthur also began bringing war criminals to trial
• Democratization: process of creating a government elected by the people
• The Japanese empire became a constitutional monarchy
Occupation Brings Deep Changes•Emperor Hirohito had to
declare to the Japanese people he wasn’t divine
•The Emperor became a figurehead like Great Britain’s ruler
•People over the age of 20 now had the right to vote
• Japan also can’t wage war but they can fight if attacked
•The United States & Japan became allies