Chapter 16 Roofing. First line of defense against the weather Precipitation (Rain, snow) Sun Thermal...
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Transcript of Chapter 16 Roofing. First line of defense against the weather Precipitation (Rain, snow) Sun Thermal...
![Page 1: Chapter 16 Roofing. First line of defense against the weather Precipitation (Rain, snow) Sun Thermal Transmission Subjected to extreme heat and cold Surface.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/55182fb655034684678b4e00/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 16Roofing
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Roofing
First line of defense against the weatherPrecipitation (Rain, snow)SunThermal Transmission
Subjected to extreme heat and cold
Surface can have wide temperature swings
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Roof Groups
Steep Roofs
Low-Slope Roofs
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Steep Roofs
Drain quicklyLess opportunity for gravity or wind to push/pull water
through the roofing material
Facilitate the use of shinglessmall, overlapping roofing unitsAdvantages:
Can be inexpensive, easy to handle & install, Accommodate thermal expansion/contraction & structural
movement Vents water vapor easily Visible - Aesthetics
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Low Slope Roofs
Low-Slope RoofsAdvantagesCan cover a “large” horizontal surface (vs steep)Simpler geometry, often less expensiveRoof can have other functions - patio, decks, parking, ...
DisadvantagesWater Drains SlowlySlight Structural Movements Tear the MembraneWater Vapor Pressure Can Blister & Rupture the Membrane
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Low-Slope Roof Components
Structural Support - Deck
Thermal Insulation
Vapor Retarder
Roof Membrane
Roof Ballast
Drainage
Flashing
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Roof Deck
Materials (Plywood, OSB, Steel, Concrete)
Performance requirementsSupport Roof LoadingResist UpliftSloped for Drainage Expansion & Contraction - Roof & StructureSmooth, Clean SurfaceDry Prior to Membrane Placement
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Thermal Insulation
Resist Heat Transfer
Location / PlacementBelow the DeckBetween the Deck & MembraneAbove the Membrane
Rigid Insulation Attachment (adhered or mechanically attached)
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‘Rigid’ roof insulation being placed over metal decking(mechanically fastened to decking)
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Vapor Retarder
Purpose - Prevent transmission of Water VaporLocation / PlacementGenerally Below the Insulation
Material - hot mopped felts most common
Insulation VentilationRoof Vent
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Roof Membranes
Three Categories
Built-up Roof (BUR) Membrane
Single-Ply Roof Membrane
Fluid Applied Roof Membrane
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Built-up Roof Membrane
“Multiple plies of asphalt-impregnated felt bedded in bitumen”
Application:
Felts laid in Hot Asphalt (or coal tar)
Overlapping Layers
Forms a “laminated” membrane typically 2-4 plies thick
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Asphalt Felts
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Felts being ‘Hot-Mopped’
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Kettle for heating the bitumen and pumping it to the roof
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Single-Ply Roof Membrane
“Sheet materials that are applied to the roof in a single layer”
Attached to the Roof:
Adhesives
Ballast Weight
Concealed fasteners
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Single Ply Materials
Thermoplastics May be softened and joined by heat or solvent
weldingPolyvinyl Chloride (PVC) – widely used, Polymer-
modified bitumens, PVC alloys, etc.
Thermosetting Can not be softened - must be joined by adhesives
or pressure sensitive tapesEPDM (the most widely used), Neoprene, CPE, etc.
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The following series of photos are from the roofing operations of a 47,000sf single story retail facility.
The roof system: Uses rigid insulation over metal decking with a:Thermoplastic Membrane where the Sheets are mechanically fastened to the structure
and the seams welded
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Metal DeckWelded to Structure
2” Rigid InsulationMechanically Fastened
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Insulation Fastener
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Insulation Fastener - penetrates through the insulation to the metal deck
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Roof Membrane Rolls
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Lap Markings
FastenerLocations
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Membrane being rolled out
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Rolled out & leading edge attached
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Membrane Mechanical Fastener(penetrates the insulation and anchors to the metal deck)
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Membrane Lap
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Welding Machine(welds the seams)
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Lap Welded
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Membrane Flashing @ Curbs
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Fluid-Applied Membranes
“Membranes applied with a roller or spray gun and cure to form a rubbery membrane”
Uses
“Complex shapes that are difficult to roof by conventional means”
Examples: Domes and shells
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Ballast & Traffic Decks
Ballast MaterialStone aggregatePrecast concrete blocks or Pavers
PurposeHold down membraneProtect membrane from ultraviolet lightProtect membrane from physical wear
Traffic Decks – installed over membranes for walks, terraces, drives, etc.
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Roof Flashing - Roof Edge
Edge Flashing
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Expansion Joint - Building
Building/Roof Expansion Joint
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Area Divider
Area Divider
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Parapet
Parapet Flashing
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Roof Drain
Roof Drain
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Roof Penetration
Penetration - Vent
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Steep Roofs
Roofs with a pitch of 3:12 (25%) or greater
Three General CategoriesThatchShinglesArchitectural sheet metal
Insulation & vapor retarderTypically installed below the roof decking
Decking – typically plywood or OSB
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Shingles
“applied to the roof in small units and in overlapping layers with staggered vertical joints”
MaterialsWood (shingles & shakes)AsphaltSlatesClay TilesConcrete Tiles
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Cedar Shakes (split rather than sawn)•Natural decay resistant wood•Moderately expensive•Fire Resistance low unless treated
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Asphalt Shingles•Die-cut from sheets of asphalt-impregnated felt faced with mineral granules•Typical size – 12”x36”
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Different AsphaltShingleProfiles & Colors
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Slate:•Fire-resistant•High initial cost, but long life
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Slate Roofing & Copper Flashing
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Slate w/ Predrilled Holes
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Clay Tiles
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Concrete Tile
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Asphalt Felt – typically adhered to the deck prior to the installation of the shingles
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Roofing FeltAsphalt Shingles - Packaged
Laid from the Eave up
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Ridge Treatment &Valley Flashing
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Architectural Sheet Metal Roofing•Materials – typically thin sheets of aluminum or galvanized steel•Coatings – typically a polymeric available in various colors•Seams – raised interlocking edge seams •Fasteners – concealed or exposed fasteners with rubber washers
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Lead Coated Copper
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Roofing & the Building codes
Classified based upon Flame Spread resistanceClass A: effective against severe fie exposure
Slate, concrete & clay tiles, asphalt shingles with glass felts, & most built-up and single ply
Class B: effective against moderate fire exposure Many of the built-up & single ply, metal roofs, asphalt
shingles based upon organic felts
Class C: effective against light fire exposure Fire retardant wood shingles & shakes