Chapter 16 Poisons, Toxins, and Poisonous Plants.

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Chapter 16 Poisons, Toxins, and Poisonous Plants

Transcript of Chapter 16 Poisons, Toxins, and Poisonous Plants.

Page 1: Chapter 16 Poisons, Toxins, and Poisonous Plants.

Chapter 16

Poisons, Toxins, and Poisonous Plants

Page 2: Chapter 16 Poisons, Toxins, and Poisonous Plants.

Lesson Objectives (1 of 2)

• Identify the causes of carbon monoxide poisoning.• Assess and manage carbon monoxide poisoning.• Identify the signs of and know how to manage

poison ingestion.• Recognize and treat plant-induced dermatitis.

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Overview

• Many commonly used products are toxic to some people when used appropriately, and they can be toxic to anyone when used inappropriately.

• Chemical poisons are not common in the wilderness.

• Should learn the basic principles to treat most poisonings.

• Never touch or eat a plant unless you know that it is safe.

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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (1 of 6)

• Can be caused by:– Cooking on a stove in a tightly closed tent

or snow cave– A camper with a faulty heater or stove– Prolonged use of a car heater with the

motor idling

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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (2 of 6)

• What to look for:– Flu-like symptoms, generalized aching,

or swollen glands– Similar symptoms in others exposed– Sick pets– Difficulty with breathing– Headache

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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (3 of 6)

• What to look for:– Ringing in the ears– Chest pain– Muscle weakness– Nausea and vomiting– Dizziness and blurred or double vision– Altered mental status

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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (4 of 6)

• What to look for:– Cardiac arrest– In the terminal stages of carbon monoxide

poisoning, bright pink skin

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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (5 of 6)

• What to do:– Do not go into an enclosed space where

someone has collapsed without first trying to determine the cause of the problem.

– When it is safe, move the victim into fresh air immediately.

– Check breathing.

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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (6 of 6)

• What to do:– Give CPR, if necessary.– Give the victim oxygen, if available.– Call for rescue and evacuate as soon

as possible.

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Toxic Plants and Poisons (1 of 4)

• Do not eat plants you cannot identify. • Never eat mushrooms unless you are sure

they are safe.

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Toxic Plants and Poisons (2 of 4)

• What to look for:– Abdominal pain and cramping– Nausea or vomiting– Diarrhea– Burns, odor, and stains around the mouth– Drowsiness or unresponsiveness– Poison containers or evidence of poisonous

plants nearby

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Toxic Plants and Poisons (3 of 4)

• What to do:– Determine critical information:

• Age and size of victim• What was swallowed• How much was swallowed• When it was swallowed

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Toxic Plants and Poisons (4 of 4)

• What to do:– Place the victim on the left side.– Evacuate as soon as possible. – Take a specimen of the plant for

identification by an expert.

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Plant-Induced Dermatitis (1 of 3)

© Jim W. Grace/Photo Researchers, Inc.Courtesy of U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

© Thomas Photography LLC/Alamy Images © Thomas J. Peterson/Alamy Images

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Plant-Induced Dermatitis (2 of 3)

• What to look for:– Itching, redness, swelling, blisters.– Reaction can start 8 to 48 hours after

exposure.– Reaction can continue for several days.

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Plant-Induced Dermatitis (3 of 3)

• What to do:– Wash exposed areas with cold water.

– For mild, localized contact, apply calamine lotion or hydrocortisone cream.

– For severe, generalized reaction, apply calamine lotion and seek medical care.

– Apply hydrocortisone cream, cover with transparent plastic wrap, and bind with a bandage.

– Soak affected area in hot water.