Chapter 16-North Africa

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North AfricaChapter 26-27

American History Text


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War in North Africa

Purpose- access to oil fields and control of the

Suez Canal which linked the Mediterranean

Sea to the Red Sea 1942- Germanys Afrika Korps had pushed the

British army to El Alamein, Egypt

German tank unit commanded by ErwinRommel (The Desert Fox)

British were able to hold their defense at El

Alamein and prepared for a counteroffensive


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German Defeat in North Africa

January to March 1943- German armyflew their top troops out of Tunisia

March 1943- Rommel was recalled toGermany

May 1943- General Hans-Jurgen vonArnim surrendered the remainder of the

German troops in Tunisia


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Casablanca Conference-

1943

When- January 1424, 1943

Location- Casablanca, Morocco

Attendees- FDR, Churchill, DeGaulle

Stalin was invited but did not attend due to thedifficult campaign in Stalingrad

Topic of Discussion- Allied Strategy in Europe

US pushed for an attack on France Britain wanted to continue in the Mediterranean

and take Italy first


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Casablanca Conference, 1943

Outcome-

Sicily and Italy Campaign strategy was

established

No cross-channel invasion of France was

definite in 1943

Both agreed to begin an offensive in the

Pacific against Japan


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Germany Rescues Il Duce

German paratroopers parachuted in andrescued Mussolini from jail

Mussolini was then installed as head of anew Italian Socialist Republic in the city ofSalo (Northern Italy)

Meanwhile the Italian government tried tocreate an armistice with the Allies

September 1943- Italy signs an armisticewith the Allies and quits the war


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Italy June 1944- Allied troops capture Rome and

embark on a difficult attempt at entering

Germanys backdoor The Anglo-American campaign in Northern

Italy squandered lives and supplies in a costlyadvance up the peninsula

The offensive took almost two years and

turned into a serious strategic blunder andeventual failure on the part of the WesternAllies


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Chapter 16-North Africa

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