Chapter 16 Exploration and Expansion

Section Four: The Spanish and Dutch Empires

I. Spain’s Colonial Empire

A. Spain most powerful nation1. Natural resources provided vast riches2. Ponce de Leon- explored Florida for the fountain of youth

B. Conquests- Conquistadores1. Hernan Cortes

a. Invaded Mexico- captured Montezumab. Captured and destroyed Aztec city of Tenochtitlan

2. Francisco Pizarroa. Invaded Peru and claimed Inca land for Spainb. Took gold from statues and religious objects

C. Colonial government and society1. viceroys- represented monarchy in colonies2. European diseases wiped out native populations

II. Spain’s Colonial Rivals

A. Few countries had success at claiming lands and capturing riches from the New World

III. Charles V

A. King of Spain and elected Holy Roman Emperor1. Expected to adopt Spanish views and German aims

B. Continuous religious wars1. Devastated Spain and Holy Roman Empire

C. Divided empires 1. Philip II received Spain- Spanish Habsburgs2. Ferdinand I became Holy Roman Emperor- Austrian

Habsburgs

IV. Philip II

A. Devout Spanish KingB. Nearly paralyzed his administration

1. Wars to defend Catholicism2. Attempted invasion of England and France

C. Costliest mistake1. Policies toward the Netherlands

a. Ignored long tradition of self-ruleb. Taxed Dutch trade heavily c. Persecuted the Calvinists

V. The Rise of the Dutch

A. The Netherlands break from Spain1. William of Orange led a revolt against Philip2. 1579- northern provinces declare independence

B. Dutch Society1. Seafaring people- expert sailors and shipmakers2. Calvinists became dominant religious group

C. The Dutch Colonial Empire1. 1602- Dutch East India Company2. Solely a business deal

VI. Spanish Empire Declines

A. Reasons for decline1. Growing population and shortages2. Nobles chose military service instead of

industries3. Persecution of non catholic religions4. Gold and silver passed through

FUN FACTS

• Guinness Book Of Records holds the record for being the book most stolen from Public Libraries.

• The average person over fifty will have spent 5 years waiting in lines.

• The toothbrush was invented in 1498. • 40,000 Americans are injured by toilets each

year

Assignment

• Section 3 and 4 Quiz tom.