Chapter 16 civil war (1)
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Transcript of Chapter 16 civil war (1)
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Who’s In and Who’s Out?
• The Border States of Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware stayed with the Union (some more by force than choice)
• Because of this, Tennessee, Arkansas, Virginia and North Carolina all joined the Confederacy
• Lincoln issued a call for troops in response to Fort Sumter’s surrender
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Missouri and Kentucky• Protected Union farmland to the North• They helped control the MS and OH Rivers
The Border StatesThe Border States were Slave Statesbut Lincoln needed them too much
Maryland• w/o it, DC would be surrounded by the CSA
Delaware• Protects the ports of Philadelphia
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Here’s a tough question
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Who had the advantage in the War?
Union or Confederacy?
Why?
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Union AdvantagesThe Union had larger populationMore troops means the Union can withstand more casualties and overcome poor military leadership
The Union had more industryThis means more weapons and ammunition
Abraham LincolnLike him or not, the Union couldn’t have won without his leadership.
Confederate Advantages
The CSA had a causeMuch like our Revolution, the people were fighting to be free from an oppressive government
Military LeadershipThe South had more trained officers and more trained troops who had just finished fighting against Mexican troops
Plus, the CSA had “home field advantage”
#1 Blockade the Confederate CoastlineThis keeps the troop movement slow and keeps the South from exporting cotton
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Union war plan – Anaconda Plan
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#2 Control the Mississippi River
This cuts off the “West” from the rest of the CSA
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Union war plan
It was a simple one-part planFight a “defensive” war. Make it difficult enough for the Union to take them back, the Union would simply get tired of fighting and recognize the CSA as a new nation.
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Confederate war plan
Besides, they didn’t have the troop numbers to go on the “offensive.”
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Who were these two sides?
The Confederates were broken into two major Armies
The Army of Tennessee• This was the combination of the Armies of
Kentucky, Mississippi and Tennessee• was headed by a few different Generals• Fought mostly in the Western Campaigns
The Army of Northern Virginia• Eventually was headed by Robert E. Lee• Fought mostly in the Eastern Campaigns
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Who were these two sides?
The Union was broken into two major Armies as well
The Army of the Tennessee• Fought in the Western Theater• Most notably headed by
Generals Grant and Sherman
The Army of the Potomac• Lincoln’s main Army• Fought mostly in the Eastern Campaigns• Headed by a bunch of men - finally Grant
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Early Years (1861-1862)Some Early Battles and their importance
Date Who Won? Battle Significance
July 1861 CSA
First Bull Runor Manassas
First major battle of Civil WarBoth sides disorganizedStonewall Jackson - Confederate heroCSA can’t capitalize on Union retreat
April 1862 Union Shiloh
General Grant emerges as leader in WestCSA wins 1st day, but reinforcements from Nashville help Union pull it outFrom here, the Union takes Corinth, MS and Memphis – starts control of MS River
April 1862 Union New Orleans
David Farragut – Union Naval heroUnion capture of city gives them total control of MS River and keeps the CSA from using it to ship goods
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Early Years (1861-1862)
Some Early Battles and their importanceDate Who
Won? Battle Significance
March 1862 CSA Peninsular
Campaign
McClellan wastes too much time training and building his troopsRobert E. Lee takes command of CSA troops – Army of VirginiaUnion fails to capture Richmond
August 1862 CSA 2nd Bull Run
or Manassas
Stonewall Jackson / Lee vs John PopeRichmond safe for nowCSA pushes to 20 miles from DC
Sept. 1862 Union Antietam
(Maryland)
Lee goes on the offensive to try to get aid from England or France with a winMcClellan actually found Lee’s plans, but was too cautious to act on themUnion wins (barely), but McClellan replaced
Death
Tolls
Death
Tolls
Top 5 Battles in Terms of Casualties
Date Death Toll Battle / Total
Sept. 17 1862
12,410 U13,724 C
Antietam26,134
May 8-191864
18,399 U 9,000 C
Spotsylvania27,399
May 1-4 1863
17,278 U 12,821 C
Chancellorsville30,099
Sept 19-20 1863
16,170 U 18,454 C
Chickamauga34,624
July 1-3 1863
23,049 U 28,063 C
Gettysburg51,112
Did You Know?Did You Know?
Dog Tags came
from the Civil War
Because the death toll was so high, soldiers printed their names and addresses on handkerchiefs or paper, which they pinned to their clothing before going into battle.
Civil War Firsts that you may not have known!
These things occurred for the first time during our Civil WarMachine gunSteel ShipsSubmarineSnorkel breathing deviceAnti-aircraft fireCigarette TaxCommissioned Army ChaplainsDepartment of Justice (CSA)Electronically exploded bombsFlame Throwers
Medal of HonorNaval TorpedoesBlack US Army Officer (Major M.R. Delaney)Battle PhotographyRepeating Rifles“Taps”Income TaxUS Secret ServiceAnesthesia for surgery
NO, YOU DIDN’T KNOW THEM ALL!!!!
According toThe Civil War: Strange and Fascinating Facts
by Burke Davis
Lincoln and his
commanders
Irvin McDowellToo Inexperienced
George McClellanTOO SLOW Ambrose Burnside
Guess what we got from him?
Joe Hooker
Not your most upstanding figure
Lincoln and his commanders
George MeadeHe was the last realCommander of the
Army of the Potomac
And Finally in 1864Ulysses S. Grant
Commander of Federal Troops
Abraham Lincoln The Great
Emancipator
Early Views on SlaveryRemember that Lincoln and most Republicans were for a gradual end to slavery.
His main concern was with the Border States who still owned slaves.
As the war moved on, the North saw slavery as helping the Confederate cause.
Abraham Lincoln The Great
Emancipator
The Times They are a Changin’There was growing pressure from Free Blacks and Abolitionists in the North.
Lincoln also needs a way to keep England and France out of this war.
He also wanted the President to make a stand on slavery, not the Congress.
Abraham Lincoln The Great
Emancipator
The Emancipation ProclamationAfter victory at Antietam, Lincoln announced his intention to free the slaves of the South. On January 1, 1863 he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, stating:
“. . . all persons held as slaves within any state . . . in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.”
Emancipation Proclamation
What did it do?
DID IT FREE THE SLAVES IN THE UNION?
NO! The Border States kept their slaves because they weren’t “in rebellion.”
DID IT FREE THE SLAVES IN THE SOUTH?
NOT REALLY Remember, the CSA isn’t listening to Lincoln because they are “in rebellion” DUH
Emancipation Proclamation
What did it do?
DID IT GIVE BLACKS AND SLAVES HOPE?
YES, any slave who made it to Union controlled territory was set free and over 100,000 did just that.
Furthermore, there were about 200,000 African Americans who served in the Union Armies and Navies.
You may have seen this movie which is about the 54th Massachusetts A regiment that was All-Black (except the commanding officers)
Many of them were killed leading a failed Union raid of Fort Wagner outside of Charleston, SC in 1863.
Emancipation Proclamation
What did it do?
Slaves wouldn’t get freedom until much laterIn the 13th Amendment, slavery was ended, but that was in 1865.
And yet, this may be Lincoln’s most brilliant maneuver in the Civil War?
YOU BET! England and France couldn’t sell support of the CSA to their own people who were also against slavery.
Without freeing a single slave, Abraham Lincoln had officially changed the Civil War into being about ending slavery.
And they called him
“Slick!”
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Things are going good for the Confederates, or are they?
Fredericksburg (December 1862)The Confederates are outnumbered, but easily defeat Ambrose Burnside. He resigns after the loss.
Chancellorsville (May 1863)Now, Lee takes on Joseph Hooker. The CSA wins, but Stonewall Jackson is wounded by his own men and dies a week later. BIG LOSS
These help Lee feel he should invade the North – it may bring in Britain and France
The Civil War (1861-1865)
The Blue Years (1863-1865)
Battles that begin the end and their importance
Date Who Won? Battle Significance
July1863
Union Gettysburg
This was the heaviest loss in lives of the Civil War (over 51,000)Known for Pickett’s Charge – a very costly military mistakeWith this loss, Lee would never be able to invade the North againBIG TURNING POINT IN THE WAR
May – July1863
Union VicksburgGrant lays siege on the town for a monthUnion victory gains control of the MS RiverCuts off TX & AR – The CSA Food Source
Nov1863
Union ChattanoogaBraxton Bragg (CSA) loses the important rail center, but plans to starve the Union forces out
The Civil War (1861-1865)
The Blue Years (1863-1865)
Battles that begin the end and their importance
Date Who Won? Battle Significance
July – Sept1864
Union AtlantaStart point for Sherman’s March to the Sea (Savannah) – introducing the idea of Total War
Aug1864
Union Mobile Bay
David Farragut leads Union Navy into bay and finally gives Union total control of the Gulf of MexicoNews of this victory helps Lincoln win the 1864 election
1864-1865 Union Petersburg
Grant attacks this important rail center near Richmond for monthsEventually forces retreat of Lee’s troops
April 9,1865
Union Appomattox Court House
Lee surrenders to GrantOther CSA armies will surrender soon