Chapter 15 Personal Safety Lesson 1 Preventing Injury >> Main Menu Next >> >> Chapter 15 Assessment...

Chapter 15Personal Safety

Lesson 1Preventing Injury

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Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation.

http://health.glencoe.com/

DO NOW:

Name at least 2 advices to take care of the male/female

reproductive organs.

Essential Question: What does it mean to be safety conscious?

Enduring Understanding:1.many accidents can be avoided by being safety conscious and

paying attention to your surroundings.

2. safety in the neighborhood includes avoiding trouble and being aware of

danger.

Being aware that safety is important and being careful to act in a safe manner

safetyconscious

The 5 unexpected events characterized during an accident event.

Accident Chain

In this lesson, you will learn to

explain what it means to be safety conscious.

identify causes of accidental injuries.

describe how to prevent accidental injuries.

Skimming

Look over all the headings in

this lesson. For each heading,

write a sentence describing

what information you think will

be covered in that section.

Headings in this Lesson

• Safety First

• How Accidents Happen

• Breaking the Accident Chain


• Safety First

• How Accidents Happen

• Breaking the Accident Chain

Safety First

Accidents do happen, but you can prevent many of them.

When you stay safe and avoid accidents, you help yourself and those around you stay healthy.

TRUE OR FALSE

85,000 people die fromaccidental injuries

every year.*

*According to the National Safety Council

TRUE OR FALSE

The highest numberof teen deaths occur

in auto accidents.


TRUE

UNFORTUNATELY,BOTH

STATEMENTS ARE TRUE.


Safety First

The first step in staying safe is to be safety conscious.

safety conscious Being aware that safety is important and being careful to act in a safe manner

It’s easier to prevent injuries than to treat them.

Safety First

Pay attention to your surroundings and look for hazards around you.

hazards Potential sources of danger

Avoid or fix possible hazards.

Safety First

Keep your environment safe to help prevent accidental injuries.

accidental injuries Injuries caused by unexpected events

Avoid or fix possible hazards.

Responsibility

When you put your belongings in their proper place,

they’re not in the way, so they’re less likely to cause

accidents. Putting away clothes and equipment also

helps cut down on clutter.

THE 5 STEPS OF THE ACCIDENT CHAIN

1. The Situation

2. The Unsafe Habit

3. The Unsafe Action

4. The Accident5. The Result

THE 5 STEPS OF THE ACCIDENT CHAIN

The Situation: Tony has overslept. He wakes up in a panic. The bus is coming in 15 minutes. Tony runs to the bathroom to wash up.

The Unsafe Habit:Tony didn’t put his books away from the night before. He just left them on the floor.

The Unsafe Action: Without looking where his is going, Tony runs to the bathroom to wash up.

The Accident: In his hurry, Tony trips over his books and falls down.

The Result: When Tony falls, he sprains his wrist. He not only misses his bus, but he’s also in a lot of pain.

Breaking the Accident Chain

Change thesituation.

Change thesituation.

Change theunsafe habit.Change theunsafe habit.

Change theunsafe action.Change the

unsafe action. = Accidentprevented.Accident

prevented.

What I Learned

Vocabulary Define hazard, and use it in a sentencethat shows its meaning.

Lesson 1 Review

What I Learned

Identify What are the five links in the accident chain?

Lesson 1 Review

What I Learned

Give Examples What are three ways to break theaccident chain?

Lesson 1 Review

Thinking Critically

Analyze Describe how rain can make riding a bikehazardous.

Lesson 1 Review

Thinking Critically

Apply Beth has always had a bookshelf on the wallnext to her bed. Now that she is taller, the bookshelfhas become a problem. In fact, this year, Beth hasbumped her head on the shelf three times. What shouldshe do to be safer?

Lesson 1 Review


Lesson 2Staying Safe at Home

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explain how to protect yourself and others from fires.

identify ways to prevent accidental injuries.

DO NOW Sequencing: As you go through this lesson, write down the sequence

of actions that can help you stay safe in the home.

Preventing Fire:1.2.

Preventing Fall:1.2.3.

Preventing Poisoning:1.2.

Preventing Electrical Shocks:1.2.

Gun Safety:1.2.

Fire Safety

Fires often involve materials that are flammable.

flammable Able to catch fire easily

Flammable materials may catch fire due to a spark, an open flame, or a burning object such as a lighted cigarette.

Fire Safety

Some fires start from electrical overload.

electrical overload A dangerous situation in which too much electrical current flows along a single circuit

Shredded wires or torn cords can also start fires.

Fire Safety

Causes of Fires in the Home

Careless cooking Careless smokingIncorrect storage offlammable materials

Damaged electricalsystems or

electrical overloadGas leaks

Preventing Fires

Keep stoves and ovens clean.

Keep flammable materials away from burners.

Never let a smoker toss a cigarette into a trashcan before making sure it is completely extinguished.

Remind people not to smoke in bed.

Store matches and lighters out of the reach of children.

Preventing Fires

Never play with matches or lighters.

Check appliances regularly for loose or damaged cords.

Never pull on the cord to unplug an appliance.

Never run cords under rugs or carpets.

If you see a worn or shredded cord, tell an adult.

Being Prepared in Case of Fire

A smoke alarm can save your life.

smoke alarm A device that sounds an alarm when it senses smoke

Every level ofthe house should

have smokealarms.

Install smokealarms close tosleeping areasand bedrooms.

Test smokealarms every

month.

Put in freshbatteries once

a year.


Do not use water to put out fires that involve grease, oil, or electricity. Use a fire extinguisher.

fire extinguisher A device that sprays chemicals that put out fires

Read the fire extinguisher’s directions, and make sure that you know how to use it properly.


Create a Fire Escape Plan With Your Family

Know escape routesfrom each bedroom.

Choose a meetingpoint outside.

Practice theescape plan.

Preventing Injuries at Home

Other dangers include falls, poisonings, electric shocks, and gun accidents.

Help prevent these unsafe situations by being safety conscious.

Preventing Falls

Kitchen Bathroom Stairs

• Clean up spills right away.

• Use a stepstool, not a chair to get items that are out of reach.

• Put a nonskid mat near the tub or shower.

• Use rugs that have a rubber backing to prevent slipping.

• Keep personal products in plastic bottles.

• Keep staircases well lit.

• Apply nonslip treads to slippery stairs.

• Make sure handrails are secure and stable.

• If small children live in the house, put gates at the top and bottom of the stairs.

Preventing Poisonings

Never call a child’smedicines or vitamins

“candy.”

Make sure all medicinesare in bottles withchildproof caps.

Make sure all labels onhousehold productsare clearly marked.

Lock householdproducts and medicines

in cabinets.

Keep the phone number for the local poison control

center and hospital handy.

Preventing Electrical Shocks

Never use an electricalappliance around water.

Unplug small applianceswhen they are not in use.

Pull the plug,not the cord.

Use plastic outletprotectors in homes with

small children.

Gun Safety

In many states, it is illegal for most teens to own a gun.

If you find a gun, do not touch it. Call a parent, guardian, or other trusted adult.

Gun Safety

Always treat a gun as if it were loaded.

If you hunt, prepare yourself with a gun-training course.

If you know that someone at school is carrying a gun or any other weapon, tell a school authority right away.

What I Learned

Vocabulary Define flammable.

Lesson 2 Review

What I Learned

Describe How can you be prepared for a fire thatmight happen in your home?

Lesson 2 Review

What I Learned

Identify List three strategies for preventing poisoning.

Lesson 2 Review

What I Learned

Give Examples How can you help keep stairways safe?

Lesson 2 Review

Thinking Critically

Synthesize Explain why it is important to follow rulesagainst bringing a weapon to school and what you should do if you think a classmate has a weapon.

Lesson 2 Review

Thinking Critically

Analyze Why is it a bad idea to call medicine “candy”to get children to take it?

Lesson 2 Review


Lesson 3Staying Safe Outdoors

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DO NOW

Name the 5 steps of the Accident Chain.

A person who travels on foot pedestrian


describe how to stay safe on the roads.

describe how to stay safe in your neighborhood.

identify ways to stay safe in hot and cold weather.

access valid information about drowning prevention.

describe how to be safe in and around water.

explain safety measures for hiking and camping.

Compare and Contrast

Create a chart like the one shown here. As you go through the lesson, use the chart to note similarities and differences between pedestrian and bicycle safety.

Pedestrian safety

Bicycle safety

Helmet

Yes

Safety on Foot

Ever since you learned to walk, you have been a pedestrian.

pedestrian A person who travels on foot

Safety on Foot

Walk on sidewalkswhen you can.

When walking on theroad, walk on the sideof the road and face

oncoming traffic.

Cross in crosswalkswhen they are

available.

Look both waysseveral times beforecrossing the street.

Listen for traffic.

Make sure a driver cansee you when you cross

in front of a vehicle.Make eye contact

When walking at night,take a well-lit route.

Wear reflective clothing.

Do not talk on a cellphone or wearheadphones.

Safety on Wheels

Wear a helmet.

Wear wrist guards,elbow, knee pads,and light gloves.

Follow yourcommunity’s rules.

When skating,learn how to stop

and fall safely.

Safety on Wheels

Before You Ride A Bike:

Check the seat and handle bars to make sure they are secure.

Make sure tires are inflated correctly and are not too worn.

Use reflectors to help drivers see you.

Use a light when riding at night.

Make sure your bike is the right size for you.

Safety on Wheels

When Riding A Bike:

Stay alert.Obey all traffic laws.

Ride with the flow of traffic.

Ride single file when riding in a group.

Learn hand signals and use them before you turn.

Avoid riding in bad weather and control your speed.

Citizenship

Obeying traffic laws while you are walking or riding a bike

is a sign of citizenship. It is also preparation for the traffic

laws you will need to obey while driving.

Safety in Vehicles

Always wear a seatbelt.

Small children should ride in the backseat.– Airbags can protect adults, but hurt small children.

Don’t bother the driver of a school bus.

When you get off a bus, make sure all drivers around the bus can see you clearly.

Cooperate with the bus driver in an emergency.

Neighborhood Safety

Don’t travel alone at night.

Tell a parent or guardian where you are going and when you will be home.

Walk in well-lit places.

Leave expensive items at home.

Carry identification.

Carry a cell phone, money, or a calling card.

Neighborhood Safety

Be aware!

Notice the people around you and what they are doing.

Move away from anyone who makes you feel uncomfortable.

Neighborhood Safety

Know how to get help!

If someone tries to touch you or hurt you, scream and get away any way you can.

Run to the nearest public or safe place.

Find someone who can help you.

Call 911.

Explain what happened to anyone who can help.

Safety at Play

Take a buddy or two. Stay aware.

Know your limits. Use good judgment.

Warm up and cool down.

Hot Weather Safety Tips

If you feel dizzy, out of breath, or have a headache, take a break.

Keep cool by drinking lots of water.

Rest in the shade when you can.

Hot Weather Safety Tips

Signs of heat exhaustion include:– Cold, clammy skin

– Dizziness

– Nausea

Signs of heatstroke include:– Increase in body temperature

– Difficulty breathing

– Loss of consciousness

Water Safety

Follow all posted safety rules.

Swim only when a lifeguard or trusted adult is present.

Swim with a buddy.

Don’t swim if you are too tired or cold.

Watch for signs of storms.

Never swim in water with strong currents.

Don’t dive in water that is less than 9 feet deep.

Don’t let young children near the water unless you are watching carefully.

Hiking and Camping Safety

Never camp or hike alone.

Dress properly.

Check your equipment.

Know where you are.

Know the plants and animals.

Use fire responsibly.

What I Learned

Vocabulary What is a pedestrian?

Lesson 3 Review

What I Learned

Identify What are the signs of heatstroke?

Lesson 3 Review

What I Learned

Describe How can you dive safely?

Lesson 3 Review

What I Learned

Give Examples Name three items to take alongwhen hiking.

Lesson 3 Review

Thinking Critically

Apply While Jordan is visiting his friend Mario, he losestrack of the time. When he leaves Mario’s house towalk home, it’s dark. What would you advise Jordonto do?

Lesson 3 Review

Thinking Critically

Analyze Why should you cross in front of a school busand not behind it?

Lesson 3 Review


Lesson 4Weather Emergenciesand Natural Disasters

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weatheremergencies

Dangerous situations brought on by changes in the atmosphere

A whirling, funnel-shaped windstorm that drops from storm clouds to the ground

tornado

A strong windstorm with driving rain that forms over the sea

hurricane

A very heavy snowstorm with winds up to 45 milesper hour

blizzard

hypothermiaA sudden and dangerous drop in bodytemperature

A shifting of the earth’s plates, resulting in a shaking of the earth’s surface

earthquake

Smaller earthquakes, as the earth readjusts after the main earthquake

aftershocks


describe the different types of weather emergencies and natural disasters.

list safety measures to take during a weather emergency or natural disaster.

practice healthful behaviors by preparing an emergency supplies kit.

Predicting

Skim the headings, figures,

photos and captions in this

lesson. Then jot down two

questions that you think might

be answered in the lesson.


• What Are Weather Emergencies?• Tornadoes• Hurricanes• Blizzards• Thunderstorms and Lightning• What Are Natural Disasters?• Floods• Earthquakes

What Are Weather Emergencies?

People cannot prevent weather emergencies.

weather emergencies Dangerous situations brought on by changes in the atmosphere

The National Weather Service (NWS) sends out bulletins in the form of storm watches and storm warnings.

What Are Weather Emergencies?

Satellites and computers help scientists predict the paths of storms.

Television and the Internet help warn the public of danger.

Tornadoes

A tornado is a type of weather emergency.

tornado A whirling, funnel-shaped windstorm that drops from storm clouds to the ground

Tornados are most common in the Midwest and states nearest to the Gulf of Mexico. This region is known as “Tornado Alley.”

Tornadoes

If A Tornado Is Happening

Go to a cellar or basement.

Where to Go

If you cannot get underground, go to a windowless room or hallway.

If you are outside, lie in a ditch orflat on the ground.

Cover yourself with whateverprotection you can find.

What to Do

Get under heavy furniture, in abathtub, or under a mattress.

Stay where you are. The stormwill pass quickly.

Hurricanes

Each hurricane has a center, or eye, where the weather conditions are calm.

hurricane A strong windstorm with driving rain that forms over the sea

The strong winds of a hurricane come from the swirling cloud mass that surrounds it.

Hurricanes

If A Hurricane Is Happening

Board up windows and doors. Bring inside items that the wind could smash into houses.

Evacuate, or leave the area, immediately if the NWS tells you to do so.

If no evacuation is called for, stay indoors away from windows and doors.

Hurricanes

This is an imagetaken of a hurricane.The NWS usessatellite technologyto forecast the direction of storms.

Blizzards

A blizzard can last anywhere from an hour or two to several days.

blizzard A very heavy snowstorm with winds up to 45 miles per hour

During a blizzard, always stay inside.

Blizzards

Hypothermia can shut down your body’s systems, so they stop functioning properly.

hypothermia A sudden and dangerous drop in body temperature

Hypothermia can lead to death.

Blizzards

If A Blizzard Is Happening

Get inside and stay inside.

When outside, keep your head, face, and body covered and warm.

If you are in a car, pull over to the side of the road, and turn on the flashers.

Thunderstorms and Lightning

Lighting is a dramatic and dangerous side effect of thunderstorms.

Florida leads the United States in the number of lightning storms that happen each year.

Thunderstorms and Lightning

If A Thunderstorm Is Happening

Stay inside or seek shelter as soon as possible.

Unplug electrical appliances and computers.

Be prepared for power loss.

Avoid using the telephone.

If you are outside, crouch low to the ground and stay away from electrical poles and wires, tall trees, water, and metal objects.

What Are Natural Disaster?

A natural disaster is an event caused by nature that results in widespread damage.

Basic Supplies for Natural Disasters

• Buy several days’ worth of fresh water.

• Have a radio, a flashlight, batteries, blankets, canned goods, a can opener, and a first-aid kit.

Floods

Flash-flood waters rise very quickly and are very powerful.

Two feet of moving water has enough force to sweep away cars.

Floods

Surviving Floods

Head for higher ground.

Never walk, swim, ride a bike, or drive a car through flooding water.

Drink only bottled water.

If you have evacuated the area, return home only after you are told it is safe to do so.

After returning home, throw away contaminated food and disinfect everything that has come into contact with the floodwater.

Earthquakes

A large earthquake is usually followed by a series of aftershocks.

earthquake A shifting of the earth’s plates, resulting in a shaking of the earth’s surface

aftershocks Smaller earthquakes, as the earth readjusts after the main earthquake

Earthquakes

Scientists cannot predict earthquakes, but they can measure how strong earthquakes are using the Richter scale.

Earthquakes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Ten times stronger

than 3

Ten times stronger

than 4

Ten times stronger

than 5

Ten times stronger

than 1

Ten times stronger

than 2

Ten times stronger

than 6

Ten times stronger

than 7

Ten times stronger

than 8

Very slight The most destructive earthquakes

have a magnitude of 7 or more.

Scientists have never measured anearthquake larger than a 9.

Earthquakes

Protecting Yourself During an Earthquake

Stay away from windows, mirrors, and other objects that might shatter.

Get under a sturdy piece of furniture. Cover your head with a pillow.

Stay away from tall or heavy objects that could fall on you.

Stand or crouch in a strongly supported doorway. Cover your head.

If you are outdoors, stay away from trees, buildings, and power lines.

If you are outdoors, crouch on the ground and protect your head.

What I Learned

Vocabulary What is an earthquake?

Lesson 4 Review

What I Learned

Describe What are two risks of being outside in ablizzard?

Lesson 4 Review

What I Learned

Identify What time of year do most hurricanes happen?

Lesson 4 Review

What I Learned

Give Examples Name four items that should be partof an emergency kit.

Lesson 4 Review

What I Learned

Explain What regions of the United States arelikely to experience tornadoes?

Lesson 4 Review

Thinking Critically

Infer Why do you think aftershocks are sometimesmore deadly than the initial earthquake?

Lesson 4 Review

Thinking Critically

Apply You are playing soccer in a field, and you seea flash of lightning from an approaching thunderstorm.What should you do?

Lesson 4 Review


Lesson 5Giving First Aid

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rescuebreathing

A first-aid procedure where someone forces air into the lungs of a person who cannot breathe on his or her own

Quick inward and upward pulls into the diaphragm to force an obstruction out of the airway

abdominalthrusts

A first-aid procedure to restore breathing and circulation

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A burn in which the outer layer of the skin has burned and turned red

first-degreeburn

A very serious urn in which all the layers of skin are damaged

third-degreeburn

In this lesson, you will learn to list steps to take in an emergency. describe how to perform CPR. explain ways to help a person who is choking. explain how to stop severe bleeding. describe how to treat burns. describe treatments for fractures, sprains, and bruises. practice healthful behaviors to avoid burns.

PredictingRead the main headings, and look at the figures in this lesson. Then write down three pieces of information that you think might be covered in the lesson. After the lesson, look back to see whether your predictions were correct.

Main headings in this Lesson

• Emergency Situations

• Restoring Breathing and Heartbeat

• How to Help Someone Who Is Choking

• How to Stop Severe Bleeding

• Burns

• Treating Other Emergencies

Emergency Situations

In an emergency situation:

Call 911.

Give your name, location, and reason for calling.

Explain the condition of the injured person.

Describe what help the injured person has received.

If you cannot call 911, have someone call.

Emergency Situations

Knowing first aid may help you deal with some emergency situations.

first aid The immediate care given to someone who becomes injured or ill until regular medical care can be provided

Restoring Breathing and Heartbeat

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (or CPR) should only be performed by someone who has been trained and certified to perform the procedure.

cardiopulmonary resuscitation A first-aid procedure to restore breathing and circulation

Restoring Breathing and Heartbeat

CPR involves several steps including:Checking the airway.Checking breathing.Checking circulation.Performing rescue breathing.Performing chest compressions.

rescue breathing A first aid procedure where someone forces air into the lungs of a person who cannot breathe on his or her own

The ABCs of CPR

Performing the CPR Cycles

Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs)

An automated external defibrillator (AED) sends a quick jolt of electricity to the heart through the chest to make a heart start beating.

More and more public places keep AEDs on hand.

How to Help Someone Who is Choking

Choking results when a person’s airway becomes blocked by food or accidentally swallowed objects.

Signs of Choking

Grabbingthroat and neck

Gagging WheezingTurning bluein the face


For an adult or older child who is choking, use abdominal thrusts.

abdominal thrusts Quick, inward and upward pulls into the diaphragm to force an obstruction out of the airway


If an infant is choking, use chest thrusts.

chest thrusts Quick presses into the middle of the breastbone to force an obstruction out of the airway


If you start to choke and there’s no one around, use your fist and hand to perform abdominal thrusts.

If this does not work right away, do abdominal thrusts on a low railing or the back of a chair.

How to Stop Severe Bleeding

Before you help someone who is bleeding, put on protective gloves.

Never touch anyone else’s blood.

How to Stop Severe Bleeding

Cover the wound with a clean cloth.

Elevate the bleeding area so that it is above the level of the heart.

If the bleeding doesn’t stop, apply pressure to a pressure point or amain artery between the wound and the heart.

After the bleeding has stopped, stay with the victim until medical helparrives.

Burns

How to Avoid Burns

Never play with matches or fire.

Handle hot foods carefully.

Avoid making the water too hot in the shower.

Use sunscreen and limit your time in the sun.

Burns

A first-degree burn is also known as a superficial burn.

first-degree burn A burn in which only the outer layer of skin has burned and turned red

Treatment

Flush the burned area with cold water for at least 15 minutes.

Wrap the burn area in a clean, dry dressing.

Burns

A second-degree burn is also known as a partial-thickness burn.

second-degree burn A moderately serious burn in which the burned area blisters

Treatment

Flush the burned area with cold water.

Elevate theburned area.

Loosely wrap thecooled burn in a clean,

dry dressing.

Burns

A third-degree burn is also known as a full-thickness burn.

third-degree burn A very serious burn in which all the layers of the skin are damaged

Treatment

Do not remove burned clothing.

Cover burn with a clean cloth.

Call 911 immediately.

Treating Other Emergencies

Fractures usually happen along the length of a bone.

fracture A break in a bone


An example of a dislocation is if your upper arm bone is pulled out of your shoulder socket.

dislocation A major injury that happens when a bone is forced from its normal position within a joint


Moving a broken bone or dislocated joint could cause further injury.

While you wait for help to arrive, keep the victim still.


Treating Sprains and Burns

P

R

I

C

E

Protect the injured part.

Rest the injured part.

Ice the injured part using an ice pack with a towel between the skin and ice (remove the ice every 15–20 minutes).

Compress the part with a bandage.

Elevate the part above the level of the heart.

What I Learned

Vocabulary What is the difference between a fractureand a dislocation?

Lesson 5 Review

What I Learned

Describe What are the ABCs of CPR?

Lesson 5 Review

What I Learned

Give Examples What kinds of accidents can causethird-degree burns?

Lesson 5 Review

What I Learned

Explain What can you do if you are choking and thereis no one around to help?

Lesson 5 Review

Thinking Critically

Apply Why should medical professionals alwayswear gloves when they help someone who is bleeding?

Lesson 5 Review

Thinking Critically

Infer Why can you infer that a person who cannotspeak or cry is choking?

Lesson 5 Review

Chapter 15 Personal Safety Lesson 1 Preventing Injury >> Main Menu Next >> >> Chapter 15 Assessment...

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