Chapter 15-Italian Invasion of Abyssinia (Tanmay, William, Rusheel, Ajith)
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Transcript of Chapter 15-Italian Invasion of Abyssinia (Tanmay, William, Rusheel, Ajith)
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By: Tanmay Asija, WilliamLee, Rusheel Nayak, AjithSubhash
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Introduction to ItalianInvasion Abyssinian Crisis - Colonial War that
began in October of 1935 and ended inMay of 1936.
-fought between the Italians and theEthiopian Empire (AKA Abyssinians)
Tested the strength and validity of theLeague of Nations
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Background Information
After World War I, the Italian populationwas steadily increasing, which causedthe Italian Dictator Benito Mussolini to
want to expand his empire.
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Background Information
Italy had signed the Kellogg-Brand Pactthat denounced warfare but still was notafraid to go to war to get raw materials
and gain prestige. Was interested in Abyssinia because it
had raw materials and was located next
Eritrea, part of the Italian Empire.
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The Wal Wal Incident
In 1930, Italians built a fort inside theAbyssinian Border at Wal Wal.
Resulted in no hostility between the two
nations, but Italian military influencecontinued to grow.
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The Wal Wal Incident
November 22nd, 1934. 1000 Ethiopiansoldiers marched to the fort demandingthat the Italian fort be handed over but
the commander refused. Armed conflict was avoided when an
Anglo-Ethiopian border commission wasissued.
Tensions remained high and a skirmishoccurred between the two forces onDecember 5.
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The Wal Wal Incident
Emperor of Ethiopia appealed to theLeague of Nations saying that Italy wasat fault.
League of Nations issued nopunishment for either party, becauseFrance and Britain were both wanted to
maintain good relationships with Italy.
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The Wal Wal Incident
January 5th, Ethiopians killed 5 Italianforces near Wal Wal, causing Mussolinito dispatch large military forces to
Eritrea. Ethiopians asked League of Nations to
intervene and halt the mobilization of
troops near Abyssinia so Britain sent theSecretary of Foreign Affairs, AnthonyEden, to arbitrate peace.
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The Wal Wal Incident
The meeting with Mussolini wasunsuccessful, leading to an armsembargo on both Italy and Ethiopia that
was not enforced.
Set the stage for the inevitable Italian
Invasion
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Italian Invasion
In October 1935, the Italian armyinvaded Abyssinia.
The Abyssinians could not hope to stand
up to a modern army. Abyssinians were equipped with pre-World
War One rifles and little else.
The Italians used armored vehicles andeven mustard gas in their attack.
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Italian Invasion
The capital, Addis Ababa, fell in May1936 and Haile Selassie was removedfrom the throne and replaced by the king
of Italy, Victor Emmanuel. Somaliland, Eritrea and Abyssinia were
all united under the name Italian East
Africa.
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League of Nations
Reactions Leagues response was initially indecisive
in response to Abyssinian's cry for help
Unable to deal with the crisis effectively
Placed blame on Italy for being aggressors Imposed LIMITED sanctions
Did not place sanctions on oil which wasnecessary for the war (only on items like rubber
and metal) They were not increased or universally applied
It took 6 weeks to fully organize
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League of Nations
Reactions The absence of USA delayed negotiations
since fear was that the US would notsupport sanctions
Since the US was a major economic and militarypower at this time, sanctions would notparticularly hurt Italy
Economic sanctions were one of the
Leagues biggest weapons but nonmembernations and the US did not abide to suchsanctions and therefore proved ineffective
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Results
Mussolini ignored the League and stillinvaded Abyssinia
Abyssinia was conquered by Italy
Britain and France secretly agreed to give awayAbyssinia (Hoare-Laval Pact)
Brought Fascist Italy and Nazi Germanytogether for the first time
Highlighted weaknesses of the League ofNations Nations only half-heartedly followed sanctions
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Results
The power the League of Nations actuallyheld was shown to be very minimal Member nations gave into aggressor nations
due to their military power
Mussolini turned away from the Leagueand towards Nazi Germany
Made the League of Nations look like a
puppet as they were undermined by Britainand France Smaller countries no longer felt that the League
was dependable
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Bibliography
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