CHAPTER 15 Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715 The West Encounters and...
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Transcript of CHAPTER 15 Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715 The West Encounters and...
CHAPTER 15Absolutism and State Building in Europe,
1618-1715
The WestEncounters and Transformations
Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The Nature of Absolutism
II. The Absolutist State in France and Spain
III. Absolutism and State Building in Central and Eastern Europe
IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic
Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Thomas Hobbes
Leviathan, 1651
I. The Nature of Absolutism
A. The Theory of Absolutism
Jean Bodin (1530?-1596)
Six Books of a Commonweal, 1576
divine right
Jacques Bossuet (1627-1704)
B. The Practice of Absolutism
Weaken representative assemblies
Undermine nobility
Control administration
C. Warfare and the Absolutist State
Philip II, Spain
1590's: army of 40,000
Louis XIV, France
Late 17th: 400,000
Training more important
Cost increases
Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. The Absolutist State in France and Spain
A. The Foundations of French Absolutism
Henry IV (1589-1610)
Duke of Sully
Louis XIII (1610-1643)
Marie de' Medici, regent
Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642)
intendants
La Rochelle
besieged, 1627-1628
Taille
300%, 1645-1648
Jules Mazarin (1602-1661)
succeeds Richelieu
B. Challenges
Fronde of the Parliament (1648-1649)
Fronde of the Princes (1650-1653)
Prince de Condé
Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. The Absolutist State in France and Spain
C. Louis XIV
personal rule from 1661
"Sun King"
Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683)
mercantilism
1685, revokes Edict of Nantes
Huguenots emigrate
The Culture of Absolutism
Patronage central
Academy of Fine Arts, 1661
Academy of Music, 1669
Comédie Française
Jean Baptiste Moliére (1622-1673)
Jean Racine (1639-1699)
Journal des savants
Académie des Sciences, 1666
Académie Française, 1635
Richelieu
Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. The Absolutist State in France and Spain
C. Louis XIV
The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667-1714
Germany
1697, Treaty of Ryswick
balance of power
Spain
Duke Philip of Anjou
War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
Grand Alliance:
British, Dutch, Austrians
1713, Treaty of Utrecht
The French Bourbons and the Spanish Succession1589-1610
Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Culture
Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616)
Don Quixote
Diego de Velásquez (1599-1660)
The Surrender of Breda, 1634
II. The Absolutist State in France and Spain
D. Absolutism and State Building in Spain
Unification
Aragon and Castile, 1479
Spanish Inquisition
Philip IV (1621-1665)
Count-Duke of Olivares (1587-1645)
millones
30 Years' War
Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Absolutism and State Building in Central & Eastern Europe
A. Germany and the 30 Years' War, 1618-1648
1618, Defenestration of Prague
Diet
Bohemian Legislature, Protestant
Ferdinand II
Frederick V
1648, Treaty of Westphalia
German states
greater autonomy
Brandenburg-Prussia
Habsburg Austria
Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Absolutism and State Building in Central and Eastern Europe
B. The Growth of Prussia
Hohenzollerns
Brandenburg
1618, Prussia
Frederick William (1640-1688)
Elector
sons:
King Frederick I (1688-1713)
Frederick William I (1713-1740)
Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
C. The Austrian Habsburg Monarchy
Bohemia
Hungary, by 1713
Spanish Netherlands
30 Years' War
1620, Battle of White Mountain
Ferdinand II (1618-1637)
Persecution of Protestants
D. The Ottoman Empire
Western attitudes
stereotypes
Provincial autonomy
III. Absolutism and State Building in Central and Eastern Europe
(B. The Growth of Prussia)
Junkers
State
General Directory, Berlin
Army
Diet of Brandenburg
last meeting, 1652
Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Absolutism and State Building in Central and Eastern Europe
E. Russia and the West
Peter I, the Great (1682-1725)Westernization
Great Northern War, 1700-1721
Sweden
military reform
Central council
St. Petersburg
Alexis I (1645-1676)
Fedor (1676-1682)
Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic
A. The English Monarchy
Sir John Fortescue (1395-1477)
James I (1603-1625)
Stuart dynasty
divine right
Charles I (1625-1649)
War with Spain, 1625-1629
Parliament
Petition of Rights, 1628
dismissed until 1640
William Laud, archbishop
Scots
National Covenant, 1638
Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic
B. The English Civil Wars and Revolution
Short Parliament
April-May, 1640
Long Parliament, November, 1640
impeaches royal administrators
1642, Civil War
Roundheads, parliamentarians
New Model Army
Cavaliers, royalists
1646, Parliament victorious
Charles imprisoned
1648, Civil War
Charles again defeated
Rump Parliament
1649, Charles tried
execution
creation of the Republic
Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic
B. The English Civil Wars and Revolution
1647, Putney Debates
Levellers v. army
1653, Long Parliament dissolved
Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658)
1649, Protector
1658, death of Cromwell
Richard succeeds
1660, Monarchy restored
Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic
C. Later Stuart Absolutism
The House of Stuart, 1603-1714
Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic
C. Later Stuart Absolutism
Charles II (1660-1685)
James
Catholic
opposed by Whigs
Earl of Shaftsbury
James II (1685-1688)
relaxes restrictions on Catholics
son born, 1688
William III of Orange
invited as king
Convention
1689, offers crown to William and Mary
Bill of Rights
John Locke
Two Treatises on Government, 1690
Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic
D. The Dutch Republic
1588, established
1648, confirmed by Spain
House of Orange
Merchants
middlemen
Banking
Exchange Bank
Hugo Grotius (1583-1645)
The Freedom of the Sea, 1609
The Law of War and Peace, 1625
(D. The Dutch Republic)
Religious Toleration
Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677)
French Huguenots
English Whigs
Art
Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669)
Syndics of the Clothmakers of Amsterdam, 1662
Franz Hals (c.1580-1666)
Jan Steen (1626-1679)