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Transcript of Chapter 14 WATER Resources Mr. Manskopf Notes can also be found at .
Chapter 14Chapter 14WATER WATER
ResourcesResourcesMr. ManskopfMr. Manskopf
Notes can also be Notes can also be found at found at
http://www.manskopf.com
Overarching Enduring Understandings
Water is a limited natural resource and we must be vigilant in our protection and conservation of this resource.
How many bodies of water can you identify/locate?
Is there more or less water on Earth today then there was 1 billion years ago?
Goals for Chapter 11…Goals for Chapter 11…
Describe where Earth’s water Describe where Earth’s water resources are located. resources are located.
How is Earth’s water a limited How is Earth’s water a limited resource?resource?
How can we manage our water How can we manage our water resources better?resources better?
What are the main causes and What are the main causes and impacts of water pollution?impacts of water pollution?
Water is critical to life…how long Water is critical to life…how long can you survive without it?can you survive without it?
It is sacred to some : The Maya believed natural wells, such as the Xkeken cenote in Mexico's Yucatán, led to the underworld.
Why is the ocean cool Why is the ocean cool even when its 100 even when its 100
degrees out?degrees out?
How Can Water Make It How Can Water Make It All The Way To The Top All The Way To The Top
Of TreesOf Trees
Water Is UniqueWater Is Unique Can’t live withoutCan’t live without Takes long time to Takes long time to
change temperaturechange temperature Stays liquid over Stays liquid over
large range of large range of temps.temps.
Expands when Expands when freezesfreezes
Great at dissolving Great at dissolving thingsthings
Commonly found as Commonly found as solid, liquid and gassolid, liquid and gas
Section 1: Water Section 1: Water ResourcesResources
GOALS:GOALS: Describe the location of water on Describe the location of water on
Earth’s surface.Earth’s surface. How does the water cycle “work?”How does the water cycle “work?” Explain why freshwater is a limited Explain why freshwater is a limited
resource.resource. TERMS: surface water, river system, TERMS: surface water, river system,
watershed, groundwater, aquifer, watershed, groundwater, aquifer, porosity, permeability, recharge zone, porosity, permeability, recharge zone, water cyclewater cycle
Water CycleWater Cycle
The continual The continual process by which process by which water moves water moves through living and through living and nonliving parts of nonliving parts of our world.our world.
Solar PoweredSolar Powered Renewable Renewable
ResourceResource ““Steps” followedSteps” followed
Make up a story following a Make up a story following a water molecule through the water molecule through the
water cyclewater cycle
Where is water found?Where is water found?
• 71% of earth is covered in water• 97% of that is in oceans• Most of the remaining 3% fresh, mainly in ice caps and glaciers.
Surface WaterSurface Water Fresh water on Fresh water on
Earth’s landEarth’s land RiversRivers LakesLakes StreamsStreams PondsPonds Critical for: drinking, Critical for: drinking,
transportation, waste transportation, waste removal, industry, removal, industry, food, farming, food, farming, recreation recreation
Watershed: an area of land that is drained by a single river
• Bathtub analogy• How can a farmer in NY State Impact drinking water in Camden?• Who should set pollution laws LOCAL, SATE, FEDERAL?
Mississippi River Watershed is the largest in U.S.How does a cattle farmer in Montana potentially impact a shrimp fisherman in Louisiana?
RIVER SYSTEM
Did You Know?Did You Know? The Mississippi River Basin The Mississippi River Basin covers 3 million square kilometers (1.2 million covers 3 million square kilometers (1.2 million sq mi), making it the third largest watershed in sq mi), making it the third largest watershed in the world. It drains 41% of the land area of the the world. It drains 41% of the land area of the contiguous US.contiguous US.
Did You Know?Did You Know? The Mississippi River Basin The Mississippi River Basin covers 3 million square kilometers (1.2 million covers 3 million square kilometers (1.2 million sq mi), making it the third largest watershed in sq mi), making it the third largest watershed in the world. It drains 41% of the land area of the the world. It drains 41% of the land area of the contiguous US.contiguous US.
Groundwater Water beneath
Earth’s surface, located in rocks, sediment and soil
Camden’s tap water
How does it get there?
How can we use it?
Porosity
How much space (pores) or holes found in rock
Where water can flow through
Porous rock can hold lots of water
Permeable vs. Impermeable
The ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through it
Sand and gravel are permeable
Clay and blacktop are impermeable
Section 1 REVIEW
Describe the location of water on Describe the location of water on Earth’s surface.Earth’s surface.
How does the water cycle “work?”How does the water cycle “work?” Explain why freshwater is a limited Explain why freshwater is a limited
resource.resource. TERMS: surface water, river system, TERMS: surface water, river system,
watershed, groundwater, aquifer, watershed, groundwater, aquifer, porosity, permeability, recharge zone, porosity, permeability, recharge zone, water cyclewater cycle
Section 2 : Water Use and Management
GOALS: Identify how water is used in home,
industry and agriculture. Explain how and why water is treated
before coming to your home. Describe ways to increase water supplies Identify ways to conserve water TERMS: potable, pathogen, dam,
reservoir, desalinization
Aylito Binayo's feet know the mountain. Even at four in the morning she can run down the rocks to the river by starlight alone and climb the steep mountain back up to her village with 50 pounds of water on her back. She has made this journey three times a day for nearly all her 25 years. So has every other woman in her village of Foro, in the Konso district of southwestern Ethiopia. Binayo dropped out of school when she was eight years old, in part because she had to help her mother fetch water from the Toiro River. The water is dirty and unsafe to drink; every year that the ongoing drought continues, the once mighty river grows more exhausted. But it is the only water Foro has ever had.
One third of all the One third of all the people on Earth are people on Earth are affected by water affected by water shortages.shortages.
One third of all the One third of all the people on Earth are people on Earth are affected by water affected by water shortages.shortages.
How Much Water Is Needed
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/embedded-water/
Your water footprinthttp://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/water-footprint-calculator/
Making Water SafePotable: safe to drink
Most water needs to be treated
Pathogens: organisms that cause diseases
Bacteria, viruses, worms
Uses of WaterAgriculture: 67% of worldwide
water use Irrigation: providing
water to plants 80 gallons to
produce 1 ear of corn
1 lb. beef = 1,000 gal.
LOTS OF WATER
Water Management
Humans have altered water flow for thousands of years
Engineering
Dams, canals, pipes, towers bring water to where it is needed
Dams and ReservoirsReservoir: an
artificial lake often behind a dam
Dams: Flood control Recreation Supply water Generate
electricity
Large lossesof water throughevaporation
Large lossesof water throughevaporation
Flooded land destroys forests or cropland anddisplaces people
Flooded land destroys forests or cropland anddisplaces people
Downstream flooding is reducedDownstream flooding is reduced
Downstream cropland andestuaries are deprived ofnutrient-rich silt
Downstream cropland andestuaries are deprived ofnutrient-rich silt
Reservoir is useful for recreation and fishing
Can produce cheap electricity (hydropower)
Migration and spawning of some fish are disruptedMigration and spawning of some fish are disrupted
Provides waterfor year-roundirrigation ofcropland
Pros and Cons of Dams
Desalinization
Removing salt from salt water
Has a lot of promise
Very energy intensive
Very expensive What to do with
waste? Future?
Water ConservationFastest, easiest way
to increase water supplies is to use less water
Agriculture Industry At homeWhat are some ways
you can conserve water?
Too Much Water: FloodsToo Much Water: Floods
Natural Events: Natural Events: heavy rainfall, heavy rainfall, melting snow are melting snow are major causes of major causes of flooding. flooding.
Floodplain: the Floodplain: the natural area around natural area around a river where a river where flooding normally flooding normally occurs. occurs.
Too Much Water: FloodsToo Much Water: Floods
Flooding Worsens Flooding Worsens With Human With Human Impacts:Impacts:
Removing Removing wetlandswetlands
Building levees Building levees Making more Making more
land land impermeable impermeable (development)(development)
Section 2 Review Identify how water is used in home,
industry and agriculture. Explain how and why water is
treated before coming to your home. Describe ways to increase water
supplies Identify ways to conserve water TERMS: potable, pathogen, dam,
reservoir, desalinization
Section 3: Water PollutionGOALS:
Compare point-sources and non-point sources of water pollution
Describe the 5 classifications of water pollution
Explain why it is difficult to clean up groundwater
What does the Clean Water Act do? TERMS: water pollution, point-source,
non-point source, wastewater, biomagnification, eutrophication
WHO:WHO: 3.4 million 3.4 million
premature deaths premature deaths each year from each year from waterborne diseaseswaterborne diseases
1.9 million from 1.9 million from diarrhea diarrhea
U.S. 1.5 million U.S. 1.5 million illnessesillnesses
1993 Milwaukee 1993 Milwaukee 370,000 sick370,000 sick
Water Pollution and Water Pollution and HealthHealth
What is Water Pollution?
Water Pollution: is the introduction of chemical, physical, or biological substances that affects organisms that depend upon it
Many types of water pollution
Point Source
Pollution coming from one single place
Leaking tanker Pipe from a factory Leaking
underground storage tank
Can easily be ID and traced
Non-Point Source
Comes from various sources that are hard to identify and may be spread over a large area
Runoff from farms Runoff from cities Hard to ID Hard t o control HUGE PROBLEM
Types of Water Pollution1) Wastewater
Water that flows down the drain
What’s in it? Where does it
go? (out-of-sight, out-of-mind)
Is it harmful?
2) Eutrophication
Too many nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) in the water causes algal blooms and decreased oxygen in water
Causes “dead zones” in water
Little or no oxygen
3) Thermal Pollution
Occurs when temperature of water rises rapidly
Power plants Factories cooling
equipment Causes fish kills Decreases oxygen
in water
4) Groundwater Pollution
Pollution that percolates down from land or surface water pollution
Fertilizers, pesticides, leaking underground tanks
Many leaking underground tanks
5) Ocean PollutionPollutants directly or
indirectly put into oceans
Oil spills Runoff River pollution Cruise Ships Development along
coasts Increasingly a problem
6)6) Sediment Pollution Sediment PollutionUnusually large Unusually large amounts of sediment amounts of sediment that change an that change an aquatic environment aquatic environment
Sediment pollution Sediment pollution results from erosion.results from erosion.
Can degrade water Can degrade water quality, cause quality, cause photosynthesis rates photosynthesis rates to decline, and to decline, and disrupt food websdisrupt food webs
Cleaning Up Water Pollution
1969 Cuyahoga River in Cleveland caught fire
1972 Congress passes Clean Water Act
1970s Environmental Activism/Awareness
Cleaning Up Water Pollution
Clean Water Act of 1972 was to “restore and maintain the physical, chemical and biological integrity of the nation’s water.”
Fishable and Swim able Better, but… still many polluted water
bodies
Safe Drinking Water ActSafe Drinking Water Act 54 countries have 54 countries have
drinking water lawsdrinking water laws
SDWA passed 1974 SDWA passed 1974 requires requires EPA to set EPA to set drinking water drinking water standards standards
Maximum Maximum Contaminating Contaminating Levels (MCLs)Levels (MCLs)