Chapter 14

Useful Materials

Objectives

• 14.1 Identify common alloys and ceramics • 14.1 Compare and contrast alloys and

ceramics. • 14.2 Compare and contrast plastics' and

synthetic fibers • 14.2 Describe a composite

Objectives

• 14.3 Compare and contrast the advantages of new materials used in sports with older materials

• 14.3 Identify chemical elements and materials of technology used in sports

• 14.3 Determine whether sports should alter rules about the use of technology

Alloys

• A mixture of a metal and one or more other elements– Can be another metal or non-metal

• Alloys retain the properties common to metals, but is not a pure metal

• In general, an alloy gives you benefits from both elements

Common Alloys and their Uses

• Bronze (Copper and Tin)– Jewelry, Marine Hardware

• Brass (Copper and Zinc)– Hardware, Instruments

• Sterling Silverware (Silver and Copper)– Tableware

• Pewter (Tin, Copper, Antimony)– Tableware

Common Alloys and their Uses

• Solder (Tin and Lead)– Plumbing

• Wrought Iron (Iron, Lead, Copper, Magnesium)– Fences, Porch Railings

• Steel (Carbon and a bunch of others)– More on next slide

Steel (Iron and Carbon)

• All steel is composed mainly of iron and carbon, other elements are added to help depending on what you want

• Name, Element, Property, Use• Manganese: Manganese: Very Hard: Armor Plating• Duiriron: Silicon: Acid Resistant: Pipes• Nickel: Nickel, Elastic and Corrosion Resistant:

Gears • More on pg 391

Gold Alloys

• Gold is a very soft metal, but we like it. • Karat system is used to tell you how much gold

and how much copper is used• Approximately every 1 karat equals 4% gold• 24 Karat = 100% gold• 12 Karat = 50% gold, 50% copper

Mercury Alloys

• Called Amalgams– Used mostly in dentistry

Ceramics

• Material made from dry clay or clay like mixtures– Very strong and stable chemical bonds– Used in your house for your mugs, tubs, toilets

(porcelain)– Breaks and cracks, get a new one

Glass

• A special type of ceramic which has no regular crystal structure.

• It is composed of mostly silicon and oxygen– Made from sand

• Different types of glass, some are capable of handling drastic temperature changes, others not so much– Pyrex glass good for temperature changes

Cermets

• Ceramic metals which have properties of both ceramics and metals

• Used for places where you need something tough, strong, and heat resistant– Gas turbines and rocket motors

Plastic

• Polymer based material that can be molded into a variety of shapes

• Many different types (7 types of recycling)

Polypropylene

• Rope, Textiles• Protective clothes• Carpet

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

• Rubber substitute• Tubing

Teflon

• Cooking non-stick– Called into question safety

Nylon

• Athletic turf, cord, netting, bristles, carpet, sutures, some clothing

Synthetic Fiber

• A strand of a polymer used in fabrics. – Kevlar is 5x stronger than steel, used for bullet

proof vests– Plus you get flexibility

Composite

• Mixture of two materials– Reinforced concrete (steel bars)– Fiber glass

Sports Continued discussion

• Is technology ruining sports? • Do old records have a chance with new

technology? • What should be allowed, what shouldn’t be? • What sports are most affected by changes in

technology? How are they?