Chapter 14: The Realm of Islam

Muhammad Born in Mecca 570 CE 610 CE vision

Monotheism Idolatry

Ka’ba Hijra 622 Flight to Medina

Umma

Read Primary Source Document: Biography Why is this document

significant? What implied or descriptive comparisons to other major religions do you see ?

Ka’ba

Zoroastrianism• Heaven or hell

• One good god one evil god(monotheistic in

definition) in constant battle

• Prayer 5 times daily• Fire used in worship

• Salvation through good words, thoughts, deeds• Humans do good and

evil.

Islamic belief system Christianity• Monotheism• Revere saints, church

fathers• Jesus – son of God• Virgin birth• Jesus crucified• Affirmed resurrection• Revelation through

prophets• Original sin• Faith & works salvation• Hell/heaven• Humans do good & evil

Islam• Monotheism – Allah

• Revere prophets, imams• Jesus- prophet• Virgin birth

• Jesus did not die, ascended

• Denied resurrection• Revelation through

Muhammad only• Humans do good & evil• Salvation through 5

pillars• Paradise (eternal) or hell• Prayer 5 times daily Source: diffen.com

Military expansion

Military Expansion & Rule

Caliphate 632 - 662 Umayaad 662-750 Abbasid 750- 1258 Sultanate 1258-1299

Ottoman Empire 1299-1924

Keep in mind, that Muslims see a Caliphate as a government uniting them under one rule so some scholars see the caliphate as encompassing the years 632-1924.

Traditional sources of power & legitimacy

Rise of the Caliphate Abu Bakr 632-634 Umar 634-644 Uthman 644-656 Mu'awiya 660

Umayyad Dynasty began

Use the comparison document to analyze each

period.Umayyad Caliphate

Years of rule Treatment of non-muslims Military expansion Type of laws Treatment of women Type of government

Abbasid Caliphate Years of rule Treatment of non-muslims Military expansion Type of laws Treatment of women Type of government

The Abbasid Caliphate

Merchant expansion: When was it founded?

What years was it prominent?What is the city’s Islamic significance?

What goods were primary trade items in this city?

Why did it decline? Major merchant

cities Timbuktu Mecca Medina Cordoba Baghdad

Sukuk or sakk

Muslim Merchant communities in the Indian Ocean Region

Go to the website below and check out what was happening in the Medieval era

http://www.indianoceanhistory.org

Missionary expansion

Was it conversion by the sword or is this a myth propagated and spread by people with a particular bias?

Ibn Battuta Where did he go? How do we know?

Primary sources

The Marco Polo of the Islamic world

Dar al Islam (house of Islam)

Refers to all geographic lands under the religious and political rule of Islam

Diffusion of literary, artistic, & cultural traditions in Subsaharan

Africa

The Hajj Subsaharan trade

routes Inter-cultural transfer

of knowledge

Diffusion of scientific & technological traditions Greek science &

philosophy returned to W. Europe via Muslim al-Andalus in Iberia

Baghdad as purveyor of learning House of Wisdom

Ibn al haytham (Alhazen) – father of the modern scientific methodology

The spread of food and agricultural techniques

Cotton, sugar, citrus throughout Dar-al-Islam & the Mediterranean

Literature on crops Rapid growth of

cities Paper manufacture The crusades 753-

1307

Sunni Shia Split - what's that all about

State Synthesis (the influence of Persian traditions on

Islamic states)

The veil – hijab Sharia law Madrasas

The Hajj/Ka’ba

Muslim Scholarship

Sufi’s alGhazali Ibn al Haytham