Chapter 14Chapter 14Section 5Section 5

Wars and the Wars and the

Growth of NationsGrowth of Nations

ReviewReview

What grew larger along with the What grew larger along with the revival of trade in the Middle Agesrevival of trade in the Middle Ages

What helped the Black Death spread What helped the Black Death spread quickly around the world?quickly around the world?

the decline in trade in medieval times the decline in trade in medieval times was caused by the _______ systemwas caused by the _______ system

Under what system do workers made Under what system do workers made a part of a product in their homes?a part of a product in their homes?

The Hundred Years War The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)(1337-1453)

In the early 1300’s English King Edward III held In the early 1300’s English King Edward III held land in France, making his a vassal of the French land in France, making his a vassal of the French kingking

In 1328, with the death of the last male member In 1328, with the death of the last male member of the royal family died, Edward III claimed the of the royal family died, Edward III claimed the French throneFrench throne

The French assembly chose Philip VI, the Count The French assembly chose Philip VI, the Count of Flanders, as king insteadof Flanders, as king instead

In 1337 Edward III brought an army to FlandersIn 1337 Edward III brought an army to Flanders Thus the Hundred Years War beganThus the Hundred Years War began It was 116 years of raids and battles. Although It was 116 years of raids and battles. Although

England won many battles, ultimately they lost England won many battles, ultimately they lost the war.the war.

By 1453 France had regained almost all of By 1453 France had regained almost all of Englands French landsEnglands French lands

Edward III & Philip VIEdward III & Philip VI

Continued….Continued…. New weapons emerged in the HYW such as New weapons emerged in the HYW such as

longbows, which allowed arrows to be shot longbows, which allowed arrows to be shot accurately at 200yds. away. Gunpowder accurately at 200yds. away. Gunpowder and cannons made castles vulnerable to and cannons made castles vulnerable to warfare. They no longer provided warfare. They no longer provided protection for the lords that inhabited themprotection for the lords that inhabited them

{During the HYW both the French and {During the HYW both the French and English monarchies English monarchies became weakerbecame weaker}}

{Parliament, particularly the House of {Parliament, particularly the House of Commons gained more power over the Commons gained more power over the king making them closer in power to the king making them closer in power to the House of Lords}House of Lords}

This is a cannonThis is a cannon

This is a dork with a This is a dork with a longbowlongbow

The War of the RosesThe War of the Roses

Shortly after the Hundred Years War ended the Shortly after the Hundred Years War ended the war for England’s throne beganwar for England’s throne began

In 1455 the York and Lancaster families In 1455 the York and Lancaster families {started the {started the War of the RosesWar of the Roses to determine to determine who the ruler of England would be}who the ruler of England would be}

The white rose was the badge of York and the The white rose was the badge of York and the red rose was used by the House of Lancasterred rose was used by the House of Lancaster

In 1485 In 1485 Henry TudorHenry Tudor of the House of of the House of Lancaster won the warLancaster won the war

Henry married a daughter from the House of Henry married a daughter from the House of York, and as Henry VII he set up a strong York, and as Henry VII he set up a strong monarchy in England once againmonarchy in England once again

Henry Tudor Henry Tudor as Henry VII. as Henry VII. Note the red Note the red rose in his rose in his right handright hand

France after the Hundred Years France after the Hundred Years WarWar

During the war France suffered more than During the war France suffered more than England because it was fought on French soilEngland because it was fought on French soil

During the war a fight for power broke out During the war a fight for power broke out within the royal family. Preventing France to within the royal family. Preventing France to unite against the Englishunite against the English

Finally, with the help of Finally, with the help of Joan of ArcJoan of Arc, Charles , Charles VII was crowned the king of France. The VII was crowned the king of France. The people backed their king and were able to people backed their king and were able to drive out the Englishdrive out the English

At the time of the HYW the At the time of the HYW the French Estates French Estates General General controlled finances and passed lawscontrolled finances and passed laws

Joan of Arc claimed to Joan of Arc claimed to have visions from God have visions from God that told her to fight the that told her to fight the English in the Hundred English in the Hundred Years War. She was sent Years War. She was sent in for a relief mission to in for a relief mission to the siege at Orleans, she the siege at Orleans, she was able to lift the siege was able to lift the siege after only nine days. She after only nine days. She was a heroine of her was a heroine of her country at the young age country at the young age of 17. While still battling of 17. While still battling she fell prisoner to the she fell prisoner to the English and was burned at English and was burned at the stake a heretic at the the stake a heretic at the age of 19. She was later age of 19. She was later declared a martyr and a declared a martyr and a saint by the Catholic saint by the Catholic churchchurch

Continued….Continued….

In 1461 Louis XI followed Charles VII as king of In 1461 Louis XI followed Charles VII as king of France France

{Louis made the French monarchy even stronger {Louis made the French monarchy even stronger and the Estates General and the Estates General lostlost some of its power} some of its power}

He set up a harsh but efficient government.He set up a harsh but efficient government. Under Louis France became a united countryUnder Louis France became a united country As in England feudal lords lost much power to As in England feudal lords lost much power to

their kingtheir king But unlike England, French peasants gained little But unlike England, French peasants gained little

freedom, still owing services to the manor and its freedom, still owing services to the manor and its lordlord

Spain Spain

Spain became a united nation in 1479 under Spain became a united nation in 1479 under Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile. Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile.

In 1492 they captured the city of Granada, the In 1492 they captured the city of Granada, the last stronghold of the Moors (Muslims) in Spainlast stronghold of the Moors (Muslims) in Spain

{They were devout Catholics and {They were devout Catholics and ordered all ordered all non-Christians out of Spainnon-Christians out of Spain or to convert} or to convert}

Most Jews and Muslims left the countryMost Jews and Muslims left the country As a result, Spain lost most of its leaders in As a result, Spain lost most of its leaders in

industry and tradeindustry and trade

Ferdinand and IsabellaFerdinand and Isabella

The Holy Roman EmpireThe Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire, now Germany and The Holy Roman Empire, now Germany and Italy, remained divided into states ruled by Italy, remained divided into states ruled by princes and knights. Therefore, the emperors princes and knights. Therefore, the emperors lacked the power to exercise complete controllacked the power to exercise complete control

In 1273 a member of the Habsburg family In 1273 a member of the Habsburg family became emperor. They ruled a small state in became emperor. They ruled a small state in present day Switzerland. They were weak and present day Switzerland. They were weak and owned little landowned little land

But they use the title of emperor to strategically But they use the title of emperor to strategically arrange marriages with powerful families. arrange marriages with powerful families. Slowly they began to increase their landsSlowly they began to increase their lands

Habsburg emperor Maximilian I gained the Habsburg emperor Maximilian I gained the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Burgundy. Netherlands, Luxembourg and Burgundy.

Continued….Continued….

Emperor Maximilian I’s son, Philip followed suit Emperor Maximilian I’s son, Philip followed suit by marring into the Spanish royal family gaining by marring into the Spanish royal family gaining lands in Spain and Italylands in Spain and Italy

Over time the Habsburgs became the most Over time the Habsburgs became the most powerful family in Europepowerful family in Europe

{The Habsburg family {The Habsburg family could notcould not, however, , however, uniteunite the Holy Roman Empire or the German the Holy Roman Empire or the German states within it}states within it}

German states were ruled by princes who refused German states were ruled by princes who refused to surrender power to the emperorto surrender power to the emperor

Nor could Italy be united because of the Papal Nor could Italy be united because of the Papal States which were ruled by the popeStates which were ruled by the pope

ReviewReview

What happened During the HYW to both What happened During the HYW to both the French and English monarchies?the French and English monarchies?

Parliament, particularly the House of Parliament, particularly the House of Commons, gained more power over the Commons, gained more power over the king making them closer in power to the king making them closer in power to the House of _____House of _____

Louis made the French monarchy even Louis made the French monarchy even stronger and the who stronger and the who lostlost some of its some of its power?power?

The Habsburg family could not, however, The Habsburg family could not, however, unite who or the German states within it?unite who or the German states within it?

Hey, how about Hey, how about some pictures of some pictures of this guy who calls this guy who calls himself Sir himself Sir Richard Calle a Richard Calle a Tudor knight Tudor knight (unless he is (unless he is being Sir Richard being Sir Richard Calle’s assistant Calle’s assistant Robert Jackson, Robert Jackson, you think I’m you think I’m joking don’t you)joking don’t you)