Chapter 14Section 4: Pushing Back the Axis

Warm-Up

• How did the American people sacrifice during World War II? Are all Americans treated equally during this time?

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14.4- Striking Germany and Italy

• 1943- Casablanca, Morocco: Churchill and FDR meet – Step up bombing of Germany • Why continue bombing?

– Goal: Destroy German military and morale

• Result somewhat of a success – Severe oil shortage– Destroyed railroads and aircraft

factories

14.4- Striking Germany and Italy

• US and Britain also decided to attack Sicily(1943)– Churchill called Italy the “Soft underbelly” of

Europe– Convinced that Italians would quit the war if the

Allies invaded• Attack on Sicily creates a crisis in Italy – King of Italy lost confidence in Mussolini– Mussolini gets arrested

Allies Land in Anzio

• Germany took control of northern Italy– Germany returns Mussolini to power

• America lands behind German lines – 1st invasion on European soil – Prelude to D-Day

• Italian campaign was one of the bloodies in the war – 300,000 Allied casualties – Largest amphibious (water to land)

Saving Private Ryan- First 20 minutes

Warm Up 3-20

• Saving Private Ryan-Discuss • Why was it important that the U.S. and Great

Britain successfully beat Germany in Africa?• What was the Casablanca Conference? • How are the bombings in Germany similar to

the Doolittle Raid in Tokyo?• Why were amphibious landings difficult?

Tehran Conference: Tehran, Iran 1943Who are these guys?

What do you think they want?

The Tehran Conference • Stalin, Churchill, and FDR meet in

Tehran, Iran 1943– Dealing with Stalin is difficult communism

– “The enemy of my enemy is my friend”

– Stalin wants a full out two front war in Europe and Russia

• Stalin promised to launch a full scale offensive against the Germans when Allies invade France– Once Germany was defeated

Soviets would help US defeat Japan

Landing In France • Operation Overlord (D-Day)- Codename for the

invasion– Roosevelt selected General Eisenhower (Why)

• Hitler fortified the coast along the English Channel • The Germans believed the Allies would land in

Pas-de-Calais– Area of France closest to Britain

Planning Operation Overlord (D-Day)• Creates a two front war – The invasion of

Europe from the allies will lead to the downfall of Nazi Germany

• Also known as D-Day• Allies preparation of invasion 1944– 1.5 million American soldiers– 12,000 airplanes– 5 million tons of equipment

Key Requirements for Operation Overlord (D-DAY)

• #1)The invasion had to begin at night- to hide the ships

• #2)Arrive at a low tide- could see the beach obstacles

• #3) Weather needed to be good

• Think about storms– high waves

• June 6th 1944 – Eisenhower gives the OK

The Longest Day: D-day

• 23,000 paratroopers- behind enemy lines • Utah Beach went smoothly– everything’s OK– German forces were weak

• Omaha Beach was a struggle for allied forces– 2,500 Americans were killed or wounded – 35,000 troops had landed at Omaha – 23,000 troops had landed at Utah

• Largest amphibious operation in history had SUCCEEDED

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SWITCH TO THE PACIFICMap: The Pacific

The Pacific- Driving Japan Back

• The Pacific Fleet– Commanded by Admiral Nimitz – “Island Hopping” from one island to the next– Why is it so bloody? – Creep closer and closer to Japan

• General MacArthur- would advance from the South Philippines – Creates another two front war

• MAP- PAGE 513

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Island-Hopping in the Pacific• Tarawa (1943)– Problem: coral reef troops

have to wade in the beach very dangerous

– 1 in 3 Marines made it to shore

– Took island but suffered high casualties

• Marshall Islands (Feb. 1944)– Went Smoothly

• Mariana Islands– Use as a base for new heavy

bomber – B-29s could bomb Japan – Captured by August 1944

MacArthur Returns

• Campaign began by invading Guadalcanal

• Move Toward the Philippines

• Troops began to land on Leyte Gulf in Philippines

• Largest naval battle in history

MacArthur Returns• Japan uses kamikazes– Fly the plan into the ship– Why?

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypLuXx6SKgU

• Philippines recaptured after five months

• 80,000 Japanese were killed