Chapter 14 Pictures

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19th Century Blending Theory

Gregor Mendel

Blending Theory vs. Particulate Theory

Chromosome 1

Chromosome 1

Fig 14.4

Table 14.1: Traits found in Mendel’s Peas

Figure 14.2 Mendel’s crosses

Fig 14.6: Genotype vs. Phenotype

Hybrids/Heterozygous (Ss)

True breeding True breeding

Hybrids

Phenotypes

Physical Differences

Molecular Differences

Behavioral Differences

Question 14.1

Alleles Segregateduring gamete production

Fig14.3 Parental Cross

Outcome =All F1 have

Purple flowers

Genotypes, Phenotypes, Gametes, and Punnett Squares

X

P P p p

ppWhere p = white alleleFor flower colorPPWhere P = Purple allele

For flower color

P Generation:

Possible gametes:

Egg EggPollen Pollen

P

P

p

p

PP

PP p

p

p

p

F 1 generation

Genotype= All Pp(Heterozygous or hybrid)

Phenotype =All Purple flowers

(Parentals)

Fig14.3

First Filial Generation allowed to Self-pollinate

Outcome =F2 have

phenotypic ratio of 3 purple: 1

white

P

P

pp

P

P

PP p

p p

p

F2 generation

Genotype= 1 PP:2 Pp:1 pp

Phenotype =3 purple: 1 white

F1

F1

TEST CROSS

Phenotype = DominantGenotype = Unknown

YY or Yy yy

Y= Yellow seedy = green seed

Y

y

y F1 generation

Phenotypic Ratio =1 yellow: 1 green

TEST CROSS

Genotypeof Test Plant = Yy(heterozygote)

?y

Alleles for two genes on different chromosomes: seed color and seed shape

(1) Seed ColorYellow (Y) Green (y)

(R) (r)(2) Seed Shape

Fig 14.8 Dihybrid Cross

GametesYR YR YR YR X

Gametesyr yr yr yr

YR

yr

YyRr All YyRrIn the F1 generation

Independent Assortment in Gametes

YyRr

Fig 14.8 Dihybrid Cross

YyRr x YyRr(F1 self-pollination)

9:3:3:1 Phenotype (not genotype)

Multiplication Rule

YyRr x YyRr

Y y

Y

y

YY

Yy

Yy

yy

R

r

R r

RR

Rr

Rr

rr

Cystic Fibrosis

Huntington’s Disease

Question 14.5 & 14.6

M and N Glycoproteins on RBC

MN

M N

M

M N

N

N N

N

N N

N

M M

M

M M

M

NNMM

Fig 14.10

IA is dominant to i

IB is dominant to i

IA and IB are codominant

Question 14.7

Pleiotropy

= aabb

= Aabb; aaBb

= AAbb; aaBB; AaBb

= AABb; AaBB

=AABB

Is Hair Color Multifactorial?

Amniocentesis and CVS

PKU