Chapter 14. Peasants and Population 1200 most of the population was peasants Bound to the land in...
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Transcript of Chapter 14. Peasants and Population 1200 most of the population was peasants Bound to the land in...
Chapter 14
Peasants and Population
1200
most of the population was peasants
Bound to the land in serfdom and using inefficient agricultural practices
Women and men worked together on the farms
Thomas Aquinas 1225-1274
“Both men and women were created in God’s image …
“the image of God is found in man, and not in woman: for man is the beginning and end of woman; as God is the beginning and end of every creature”
One major technological advancement in Europe
Three field system2/3 grow crops and 1/3 is planted w/ OATS
OATS – restore the soil and feed the horses
But still a common practice was ½ to ½ plow to fallow
Population boom in 1200’s
Why? / How?
China has equal amount of people during this time
Technology was behind
Life expectancy is 30 to 35
Poverty or extreme hunger at least twice in life
Black Death
The timing in the 1300’s
Was it a bad time for Europe?
Out of a negative will come a positiveLife not forever - ImpactReligionTechnologyUrban revival
Read 360 - 61
Answer three basic questions
Make note of any quotes by Aquinas
Urban Revival
Once Again the primary focus will be onPortsVeniceFlanders
“city-states” – nobles were not in-charge so they were more flexible and able to adapt to change
European cities will offer more opportunities and freedom along social mobility
Trade = Guilds
Guilds regulated practices and access to trades especially to the Jewish population
Women allowed to join guilds?Wife, widow, daughter, …
very rare but were allowed to work in unskilled textiles and food/beverages
How did women move up the social class? Page 359 – Canterbury Tales – a must to read!
So….
Did you read it Yet!
Read it!
Add Canterbury Tales to your list and
_ _ _ _ _ _ !
Increase in Commerce leads to an increase …
“Banks” or lenders that would give money to merchants, churches, princes, nobles, …
SO…
How do you loan to a church when they didn’t believe in the term usury?
Banking
Medici of Florence – operated banks in Italy, Florence, and Flanders
Checking accounts
Share holding companies
Fuggers of Ausburg – started as cloth merchants, trade (invested), loans, accounts
Christian banking
So how do you loan to churches?
The church would give a gift and not pay interest
Example if they borrowed money no interest would be placed upon it but a timeline would be set
Competition of citiesHow beautiful we can become
Gothic Cathedrals become the masterpiece of medieval architecture
High buttresses, towers, arches, large interiors and lit by huge windows
Masons and engineers learned through mistakes
Flying buttresses
No Dome but a Cone
The portal (or entrance) to a gothic cathedral is usually decorated with sculpture. Using
the sculpture as a molding in successive arches as shown here creates what is called
an archivolt.
The semi-circular arch above the door is called a tympanum. As with stained glass,
medieval sculpture was used to tell the biblical stories to illiterate villagers.
The force of the main wall is outwardly. The flying buttress
directs the force of the wall out and down into the ground.
