Chapter 14 Enterprise Computing

Chapter 14 Objectives

Discuss the special information requirements of an enterprise-sized corporation

Discuss the special information requirements of an enterprise-sized corporation

Identify information systems used in the functional units of an enterprise

Identify information systems used in the functional units of an enterprise

List general purpose and integrated information systems used throughout an enterprise

List general purpose and integrated information systems used throughout an enterprise

List types of technologies used throughout an enterprise

List types of technologies used throughout an enterprise

Explain how e-retailing worksExplain how e-retailing works

Identify e-commerce market sectorsIdentify e-commerce market sectors

Discuss the computer hardware needs and solutions for an enterprise

Discuss the computer hardware needs and solutions for an enterprise

Determine why computer backup is important and how it is accomplished

Determine why computer backup is important and how it is accomplished

Discuss the steps in a disaster recovery planDiscuss the steps in a disaster recovery plan

Discuss the importance of computer security in an enterprise

Discuss the importance of computer security in an enterprise

Next

What is Enterprise Computing?

What is an enterprise?

p. 714 Next

Large organization such as multinational corporation, university, hospital, research laboratory, or government organization

Large organization such as multinational corporation, university, hospital, research laboratory, or government organization

Requires special computing solutions because of its sizeRequires special computing solutions because of its size

Enterprise computingEnterprise computing—use of computers in networks that

encompass variety of operating systems, protocols, and network architectures

Enterprise computingEnterprise computing—use of computers in networks that

encompass variety of operating systems, protocols, and network architectures

What is Enterprise Computing?

How does information flow within an enterprise? Enterprise manages large amounts of information over an

extensive geographical area and disparate groups of people

p. 714 Fig. 14-1 Next

What is Enterprise Computing?

How are enterprises organized?

p. 716 Fig. 14-2 Next

Most are organized in a hierarchy

Executive managementExecutive managementstrategic decisions

Middle managementMiddle managementtactical decisions

What is Enterprise Computing?

What are the four categories of users?

p. 717 Next

Operational managementOperational managementoperational decisions

Nonmanagement employeesNonmanagement employeeson-the-job decisions

What is Enterprise Computing?

What is enterprise information?

p. 718 Next

Information gathered in ongoing operations of enterprise

Information gathered in ongoing operations of enterprise

Allows managers to make better decisions

Allows managers to make better decisions

Collected, combined, and analyzed over time

Collected, combined, and analyzed over time

What is Enterprise Computing?

What are the four management activities?

p. 718 Next

1. Planningobjectivesstrategiestactics

2. Organizingmoneypeoplemanagement structure

3. Leadingcommunicationsinstructionsmotivation

4. Controllingperformancemeasurementcorrective action

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is an information system?

p. 719 Fig. 14-5 Next

Set of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce information Procedures are

instructions users follow to accomplish activities

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is a functional unit?

p. 720 Next

Individual operating entity, which can include departments, centers, and divisions

ManufacturingManufacturingEngineering Engineering or Product or Product

DevelopmentDevelopment

Accounting Accounting andand

FinanceFinance

HumanHumanResources Resources

(HR)(HR)

DistributionDistributionSalesSalesMarketingMarketing

InformationInformationTechnologyTechnology

Customer Customer ServiceService

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is a human resources information system (HRIS)?

p. 720 Fig. 14-7 Next

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 14, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Employee Relationship Management below Chapter 14

Manages human resources function Employee relationship management (ERM) system

facilitates communication with employees

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat are the functions of accounting and finance systems?

p. 721 Fig. 14-8 Next

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is computer-aided design (CAD)?

p. 721 Fig. 14-9 Next

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 14, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click CADbelow Chapter 14

Uses special software to aid in product design

Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computers to test product designs

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)?

p. 722 Fig. 14-10 Next

Use of computers to control production equipment Computer-integrated

manufacturing (CIM) integrates operations of manufacturing process

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is Material Requirements Planning (MRP)?

p. 722 Next

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 14, Click WebLink from left navigation, then click MRP IIbelow Chapter 14

Uses software to monitor and control production processes

Focuses on inventory of parts

Manufacturing Resource Manufacturing Resource Planning II (MRP II)Planning II (MRP II)is extension of MRP

Helps in scheduling, tracking production,

and monitoring product quality

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is a marketing information system?

p. 723 Fig. 14-11 Next

Central repository for marketing tasks Market research system analyzes data gathered from

surveys

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is sales force automation (SFA) software?

p. 723 Fig. 14-12 Next

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 14, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Sales Force Automation below Chapter 14

Tools for traveling salespeople

Runs on PDAs or notebook computers

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat are distribution systems?

p. 724 Next

Provide forecasting Provide forecasting for inventory control for inventory control

track shipping of track shipping of productsproducts

Provide tracking Provide tracking of product of product shipmentsshipments

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is customer interaction management (CIM) software?

p. 724 Fig. 14-13 Next

Manages interactions with customers Telephone calls E-mail Web interactions Instant Messaging

sessions

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is information architecture?

p. 725 Next

Overall technology strategy for an

enterprise

IT department uses software to maintain

hardware and software

applications

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is an office information system (OIS)?

p. 726 Next

Users create graphics and documents, send messages, schedule appointments, and

browse the Web

Sometimes called office automation

Enables employees to perform tasks using computers and other

electronic devices instead of manually

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is a transaction processing system (TPS)?

p. 726 Fig. 14-14 Next

Captures and processes data from day-to-day transactions Transaction—

individual business activity

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is a management information system (MIS)?

p. 727 Fig. 14-15 Next

Generates accurate, timely, and organized information so managers can track progress and make decisions

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is a decision support system (DSS)?

p. 728 Fig. 14-16 Next

Helps users analyze data and make decisions Uses data from internal and external sources, as

needed Executive information system (EIS) supports needs of

executive management

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is an expert system?

p. 729 Next

Captures and stores knowledge of human Captures and stores knowledge of human experts and then imitates human experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision makingreasoning and decision making

Captures and stores knowledge of human Captures and stores knowledge of human experts and then imitates human experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision makingreasoning and decision making

Consists of two componentsConsists of two componentsConsists of two componentsConsists of two components

knowledge base—knowledge base—combined subject combined subject

knowledge and knowledge and experiences of experiences of human expertshuman experts

knowledge base—knowledge base—combined subject combined subject

knowledge and knowledge and experiences of experiences of human expertshuman experts

inference rules—set inference rules—set of logical judgments of logical judgments

applied to the applied to the knowledge baseknowledge base

inference rules—set inference rules—set of logical judgments of logical judgments

applied to the applied to the knowledge baseknowledge base

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is an example of an expert system?

p. 729 Fig. 14-17 Next

Step 1. Select from a menu or click a picture for a diet program.

Step 2. Select the type of fat-loss diet based on the initial selection.

Step 3. Specify the caloric goals and current calorie intake.

Step 4. Review the diet summary.

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat are some common types of expert systems?

p. 730 Next

Knowledge Knowledge management management

software (KMS)software (KMS) captures expertise of captures expertise of

workersworkers

Artificial Artificial intelligenceintelligence

is application of is application of human human

intelligence intelligence to computersto computers

Knowledge Knowledge managementmanagement

is process by which is process by which enterprise collects, enterprise collects,

archives, indexes, and archives, indexes, and retrieves knowledgeretrieves knowledge

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is enterprise resource planning (ERP)?

p. 730 Fig. 14-18 Next

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 14, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Enterprise Resource Planning below Chapter 14

Provides software applications to coordinate activities of functional units

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is a customer relationship management (CRM) system?

p. 732 Next

Manages information about customers, interactions with customers, past purchases, and interests

Mainly used in three departments

Sales—tracks sales Sales—tracks sales process from initial process from initial

contact through contact through final purchasefinal purchase

Customer service Customer service department—department—tracks ongoing tracks ongoing correspondence correspondence with customerwith customer

Marketing—learns Marketing—learns about customers about customers and then designs and then designs

new productsnew products

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is a content management system (CMS)?

p. 732 Fig. 14-19 Next

Combination of databases, software, and procedures Organizes and allows access to documents and other files

Enterprise-Wide Technologies

What is a portal?

p. 733 Fig. 14-20 Next

Collection of links, content, and services presented on Web page

Designed to guide users to information they are likely to find interesting for a particular job function

Enterprise-Wide Technologies

What is a data warehouse?

p. 734 Fig. 14-21 Next

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 14, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Data Warehouse below Chapter 14

Huge database that stores data required to analyze historical and current transactions

Enterprise-Wide Technologies

What is an extranet?

p. 735 - 736 Next

Portion of network that allows customers or

suppliers to access parts of enterprise’s intranet

Portion of network that allows customers or

suppliers to access parts of enterprise’s intranet

Replaces or supplements existing EDI systems

Replaces or supplements existing EDI systems

EDI (electronic data interchange)—Set of standards that controls transfer of business data among

computers

EDI (electronic data interchange)—Set of standards that controls transfer of business data among

computers

Enterprise-Wide Technologies

What are Web services?

p. 735 Fig. 14-22 Next

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 14, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Web Servicesbelow Chapter 14

Technologies that allow businesses to create products and B2B (business-to-business) interactions on Internet

Enterprise-Wide Technologies

What is a workflow?

p. 736 Fig. 14-23 Next

Steps involved in completing project or business process

Workflow application is a program that tracks process from start to finish

Enterprise-Wide Technologies

What is a virtual private network (VPN)?

p. 737 Fig. 14-24 Next

Provides secure connection for user connecting to company network server using Internet

The E-Retailing Market Sector

What is e-retail?

p. 738 Next

E-money allows customer to make payment over Internet

from cash account

Also called e-tail

Merchant account is account set up with credit card company so retailer

can accept credit card payments from customers

Retailers use Web to sell products and services

Also called electronic money, digital cash, or cyber cash

Other E-Commerce Market Sectors on the Web

What are online banking and online trading?

p. 739 Fig. 14-25 Next

Online banking allows users to pay bills and view their bank accounts and statements from their computers

Online trading allows users to invest without using broker, often with a lower transaction fee

Other E-Commerce Market Sectors on the Web

What entertainment, media, and travel services are on the Web?

p. 740 Fig. 14-26 Next

Music, videos, news, sporting events, and games

Airline, hotel, and car reservations Shopping bot—

searches for best price on product or service

Other E-Commerce Market Sectors on the Web

What health-related information can you find on the Web?

p. 740 Fig. 14-27 Next

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 14, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Online Healthbelow Chapter 14

Medical, fitness, nutrition, and exercise Databases of doctors and dentists, chat rooms, online pharmacies

Enterprise Hardware

What is enterprise hardware?

p. 741 Next

Allows large Allows large organizations organizations

to manage to manage and store dataand store data

Often Often includes includes levels of levels of

redundancyredundancy

One goal is One goal is to maintain to maintain high level of high level of availabilityavailability

Redundancyif one piece

breaks, another part can assume

tasks

Availabilityhow often

hardware is online

Enterprise Hardware

What is a RAID?

p. 742 Fig. 14-28 Next

Redundant array of independent disks Group of two or more integrated hard disks More reliable than traditional hard disks

Enterprise Hardware

How does a RAID system work?

p. 742 Fig. 14-29 Next

Mirroring—writes data on two disks at same time

Striping—splits data across multiple disks

Enhances reliability

Improves access time

Enterprise Hardware

What is network attached storage (NAS)?

p. 743 Fig. 14-30 Next

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 14, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click NAS and SANbelow Chapter 14

Server that provides storage to users and information systems

Storage area network (SAN) is a high-speed network that provides storage to other servers to which it is attached

Enterprise Hardware

What is an enterprise storage system?

p. 744 Fig. 14-31 Next

Strategy that focuses on storage availability, protection, organization, and backup

Uses combination of techniques CD-ROM server, or

DVD-ROM server, holds hundreds of CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs

Enterprise Hardware

What is a blade server?

p. 745 Fig. 14-32 Next

Sometimes called ultradense server Complete server on single card, or blade, rather than

system unit Saves space, requires less maintenance, uses less energy,

generates less heat, and is easily replaced or upgraded Blade server chassis holds many blades

Enterprise Hardware

What are high-availability systems?

p. 745 Next

Availability (uptime) of at least 99 percent

Availability (uptime) of at least 99 percent

Often includes hot-swapping

Often includes hot-swapping

Hot-swappingallows components to be replaced while

rest of system continues

to perform tasks

Hot-swappingallows components to be replaced while

rest of system continues

to perform tasks

May include redundant

components

May include redundant

components

Redundant componenttakes over task of

similar component that fails

Redundant componenttakes over task of

similar component that fails

Enterprise Hardware

What are scalability and interoperability?

p. 746 Next

ScalabilityScalabilityis measure of how well is measure of how well

computer hardware system, computer hardware system, software application, or software application, or

information system can grow information system can grow to meet increasing needsto meet increasing needs

InteroperabilityInteroperabilityis ability to share information is ability to share information

with other information with other information systems within enterprisesystems within enterprise

Adding hardware Adding hardware is often easiest is often easiest method to growmethod to grow

System that shares System that shares information easily information easily is said to be is said to be openopen

Backup Procedures and Security

What are the four types of backups?

p. 747 Fig. 14-33 Next

Backup Procedures and Security

What is a backup procedure?

p. 747 Fig. 14-34 Next

Regular plan of copying and storing data and program files

Can use combination of full backups and differential or incremental backups

Backup Procedures and Security

What is a disaster recovery plan?

p. 748 Next

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 14, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Disaster Recovery below Chapter 14

Written plan for restoring computer operations in event of disaster

Recovery planactions to be taken

to restore full information processing operations

Test plansimulates various levels of disasters

and records ability to recover

Emergency plansteps to be taken

immediately after disaster

Backup planhow backup files and equipment

would be used to resume information

processing

Backup Procedures and Security

What is a computer security plan?

p. 749 Fig. 14-35 Next

Summarizes in writing all safeguards in place to protect company’s information

International Computer Security Association (ICSA) provides assistance with computer security plans

Click to view video

Summary of Enterprise Computing

Special computing requirements present in an enterprise-sized organization

Special computing requirements present in an enterprise-sized organization

E-retailing and types of businesses that use e-commerce

E-retailing and types of businesses that use e-commerce

Complex hardware including SANs, RAID, and blade servers

Complex hardware including SANs, RAID, and blade servers

Requirements for enterprise hardware including high-availability,

scalability, and interoperability

Requirements for enterprise hardware including high-availability,

scalability, and interoperability

Backup procedures and security needs present in a large organization

Backup procedures and security needs present in a large organization

Chapter 14 Complete