Chapter 14:Chapter 14:Absolutism in EuropeAbsolutism in Europe

The Impact Today:The Impact Today:•The ideas of John Locke are imbedded in the Constitution of the United The ideas of John Locke are imbedded in the Constitution of the United States.States.•The works of William Shakespeare continue to be read and dramatized The works of William Shakespeare continue to be read and dramatized all over the worldall over the world

Section 1: Europe in Crisis: The War of Section 1: Europe in Crisis: The War of ReligionReligion

Main ideas:Main ideas: In many European nations, In many European nations,

Protestants and Catholics fought for Protestants and Catholics fought for political and religious control.political and religious control.

During the sixteenth and During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, many seventeenth centuries, many European rulers extended their European rulers extended their power and their borders.power and their borders.

French Wars of ReligionFrench Wars of Religion Calvinism vs. CatholicismCalvinism vs. Catholicism Became very militant…both trying to win over the minds and Became very militant…both trying to win over the minds and

hearts of Europeans, although economic, social and political hearts of Europeans, although economic, social and political forces also played an important role in these conflicts.forces also played an important role in these conflicts.

Huguenots- French protestants influences by John CalvinHuguenots- French protestants influences by John Calvin Valois monarchy- very catholicValois monarchy- very catholic For 30 years, battles rages in France btwn the Catholic and For 30 years, battles rages in France btwn the Catholic and

Huguenot sides. Finally in 1589, Henry of Navarre, the Huguenot sides. Finally in 1589, Henry of Navarre, the political leader of the Huguenots and a member of the political leader of the Huguenots and a member of the Bourbon dynasty, succeeded to the throne as Henry IV.Bourbon dynasty, succeeded to the throne as Henry IV.

Edict of Nantes…recognized Catholicism as the official Edict of Nantes…recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France, but it also gave the Huguenots the right to religion of France, but it also gave the Huguenots the right to worship and to enjoy all political privileges, such as holding worship and to enjoy all political privileges, such as holding public office.public office.

England of ElizabethEngland of Elizabeth Elizabeth Tudor ascended the throne Elizabeth Tudor ascended the throne

in 1558.in 1558. During her reign, the small island During her reign, the small island

kingdom became the leader of the kingdom became the leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire. the foundation for a world empire.

Spanish ArmadaSpanish Armada

Section 2: Social Crises, War, and RevolutionSection 2: Social Crises, War, and Revolution

Main Ideas:Main Ideas:– The Thirty Years’ War ended the unity of the The Thirty Years’ War ended the unity of the

Holy Roman EmpireHoly Roman Empire– Democratic ideals were strengthened as a Democratic ideals were strengthened as a

result of the English and Glorious Revolutions.result of the English and Glorious Revolutions. Important Terms:Important Terms:

– InflationInflation– WitchcraftWitchcraft– divine right of kingsdivine right of kings– commonwealthcommonwealth

Key TermsKey Terms

Thirty Years War….last religious warThirty Years War….last religious war Stuart Reign in EnglandStuart Reign in England

– Divine Right of KingsDivine Right of Kings Civil War in England and Oliver Cromwell.Civil War in England and Oliver Cromwell. Stuarts come back…James IIStuarts come back…James II Glorious Revolution…William (Dutch) and Glorious Revolution…William (Dutch) and

Mary of OrangeMary of Orange– Sign Bill of Rights…parliament gains more Sign Bill of Rights…parliament gains more

control.control.

Section 3: Response to Crisis: AbsolutismSection 3: Response to Crisis: Absolutism

Main ideas:Main ideas: Louis XIV was an absolute monarch Louis XIV was an absolute monarch

whose extravagant lifestyle and whose extravagant lifestyle and military campaigns weakened France.military campaigns weakened France.

Prussia, Austria, and Russia emerged Prussia, Austria, and Russia emerged as great European powers in the as great European powers in the seventeenth and eighteenth seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. centuries.

During the 16During the 16thth and 17 and 17thth centuries, much of centuries, much of Europe was ruled by monarchs who Europe was ruled by monarchs who enjoyed absolute power over all enjoyed absolute power over all dominions. It was accepted that it was dominions. It was accepted that it was their divine right to rule.their divine right to rule.

Divine Right of Kings: a Christian political Divine Right of Kings: a Christian political doctrine that added to Renaissance theory doctrine that added to Renaissance theory of monarchyof monarchy– That a hereditary monarchy was the system of That a hereditary monarchy was the system of

government approved by God. Kings ruled government approved by God. Kings ruled because they were chosen by God to do so. because they were chosen by God to do so.

– This doctrine of the divine right of kings was This doctrine of the divine right of kings was accepted in part because it was an effective accepted in part because it was an effective weapon against the invasive power of the weapon against the invasive power of the Pope. Monarchs were thus able to rule in Pope. Monarchs were thus able to rule in matters of both church and state. matters of both church and state.

Absolutism:Absolutism:– No person or group of people had the No person or group of people had the

right to participate in his rule or to right to participate in his rule or to question or appose him. That meant the question or appose him. That meant the monarch ruled with unshared power--- monarch ruled with unshared power--- with absolute power. The monarch’s with absolute power. The monarch’s power was not subject to any power was not subject to any constitutional safeguards or checks.constitutional safeguards or checks.

– Example: Louis XIV (Sun King), FranceExample: Louis XIV (Sun King), France

FranceFrance

Louis XIV: 1661-1715…video and ?sLouis XIV: 1661-1715…video and ?s

Central and Eastern EuropeCentral and Eastern Europe

Hapsburgs (Austria)Hapsburgs (Austria) Frederick IFrederick I Romanov dynastyRomanov dynasty

– Peter the GreatPeter the Great

Extra Credit: Extra Credit: Create a T-shirt of one of the Create a T-shirt of one of the Monarchs/ events from this time period.Monarchs/ events from this time period.

You will need an image and 5 key facts about You will need an image and 5 key facts about the person or event on the T-shirt. You will the person or event on the T-shirt. You will wear the T-shirt all day next Tuesday to wear the T-shirt all day next Tuesday to earn the extra credit points. (25pts).earn the extra credit points. (25pts).

Section 4: The World of European Section 4: The World of European CultureCulture

Main ideas:Main ideas:– The artistic movements of Mannerism The artistic movements of Mannerism

and the baroque began in Italy and both and the baroque began in Italy and both reflected the spiritual perceptions of the reflected the spiritual perceptions of the timetime

– Shakespeare and Lope de Vega were Shakespeare and Lope de Vega were prolific writers of drama and comedies prolific writers of drama and comedies that reflected the human condition.that reflected the human condition.

HobbsHobbs Alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in Alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in

EnglandEngland He wrote He wrote Leviathan, Leviathan, 16511651

– Claimed that before society was organized human Claimed that before society was organized human life was “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short,” life was “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short,” Humans are guided not by reason and moral ideals Humans are guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self preservation.but by a ruthless struggle for self preservation.

– To save themselves from destroying one another, To save themselves from destroying one another, people made a social contract and agreed to form people made a social contract and agreed to form a state. People of the state agreed to be governed a state. People of the state agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who possessed unlimited by an absolute ruler who possessed unlimited power.power.

– Absolute power was needed to preserve order in Absolute power was needed to preserve order in society.society.

LockeLocke The Treatises of GovernmentThe Treatises of Government, 1690, 1690

– Locke believed that before society was organized, Locke believed that before society was organized, humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war. In this state of nature, humans had than a state of war. In this state of nature, humans had certain natural rights, rights with which they were born. certain natural rights, rights with which they were born. This included life, liberty, and property. This included life, liberty, and property.

– Established a government to preserve these rights. Established a government to preserve these rights. – Contract between people and government involved Contract between people and government involved

mutual obligations. Government would protect the mutual obligations. Government would protect the rights of the people, and the people would act rights of the people, and the people would act reasonably towards government.reasonably towards government.

– If the government broke the contract, people had the If the government broke the contract, people had the right to form a new governmentright to form a new government

Baroque PeriodBaroque Period

MannerismMannerism BaroqueBaroque ShakespeareShakespeare