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Chapter 14 & 15 Head and Facial Injuries

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Anatomy of the Skull 22 bones Cranium (8 bones) Face (14 bones) Sutures 4 Prominent sutures Fontanelles Paranasal Sinuses 22 bones Cranium (8 bones) Face (14 bones) Sutures 4 Prominent sutures Fontanelles Paranasal Sinuses

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Occipital Bone Forms the walls and base of the posterior portion of the cranium Superior and inferior nuchal lines Occipital Condyles Hypoglossal Canal Foramen Magnum Forms the walls and base of the posterior portion of the cranium Superior and inferior nuchal lines Occipital Condyles Hypoglossal Canal Foramen Magnum

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Parietal Bones By their union, they form the sides and roof of the cranium Temporal Lines By their union, they form the sides and roof of the cranium Temporal Lines

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Frontal Bone Consists of two portions Frontal Squama Orbital Plates Consists of two portions Frontal Squama Orbital Plates

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Temporal Bones Situated at the sides and base of the skull 5 portions: 1. Squamous portion Zygomatic Process Mandibular Fossa 2. Mastoid portion Mastoid Process 3. Petrous portion Internal Auditory Meatus Carotid Canal Stylomastoid Foramen 4. Tympanic portion External Auditory Meatus 5. Styloid portion Situated at the sides and base of the skull 5 portions: 1. Squamous portion Zygomatic Process Mandibular Fossa 2. Mastoid portion Mastoid Process 3. Petrous portion Internal Auditory Meatus Carotid Canal Stylomastoid Foramen 4. Tympanic portion External Auditory Meatus 5. Styloid portion

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Sphenoid Bone Articulates with all of the other bones of the cranial floor. Parts of the sphenoid: Body Greater Wings Lesser Wings Pterygoid Processes Articulates with all of the other bones of the cranial floor. Parts of the sphenoid: Body Greater Wings Lesser Wings Pterygoid Processes

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Ethmoid Bone Forms part of the anterior cranial floor; contributes to the medial wall of each orbit 4 portions Cribriform plate Crista Galli Perpendicular Plate Labyrinths (Lateral Masses [2]) Superior and Middle Nasal Conchae Forms part of the anterior cranial floor; contributes to the medial wall of each orbit 4 portions Cribriform plate Crista Galli Perpendicular Plate Labyrinths (Lateral Masses [2]) Superior and Middle Nasal Conchae

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Nasal Bones 2 separate bones Form bridge of the nose 2 separate bones Form bridge of the nose

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Maxillae 2 bones Maxilla = singular Maxillae = plural Form the upper jaw, roof of mouth, floor and lateral wall of the orbit Parts Body Alveolar Process Palatine Process 2 bones Maxilla = singular Maxillae = plural Form the upper jaw, roof of mouth, floor and lateral wall of the orbit Parts Body Alveolar Process Palatine Process

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Lacrimal Bones 2 bones Situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit 2 bones Situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit

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Zygomatic Bones 2 bones Form the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit Temporal Process 2 bones Form the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit Temporal Process

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Palatine Bones 2 bones Situated at the back part of the nasal cavities between the maxillae and the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone Contribute to the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, the roof of the mouth, and the floor of the orbit 2 bones Situated at the back part of the nasal cavities between the maxillae and the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone Contribute to the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, the roof of the mouth, and the floor of the orbit

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Inferior Nasal Conchae Projections found in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity Increase the surface area of the nasal cavity Projections found in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity Increase the surface area of the nasal cavity

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Vomer Bone Situated in the medial plane Forms the inferior and posterior portion of the nasal septum Situated in the medial plane Forms the inferior and posterior portion of the nasal septum

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Mandible Largest, strongest bone of face Only movable bone of skull Parts Body Ramus Coronoid Process Condylar Process Mandibular Notch Angle Largest, strongest bone of face Only movable bone of skull Parts Body Ramus Coronoid Process Condylar Process Mandibular Notch Angle

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Sutures of the Skull Coronal Suture Sagittal Suture Lambdoidal Suture Squamosal Suture Coronal Suture Sagittal Suture Lambdoidal Suture Squamosal Suture

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Brain Brain Brain facts 4 parts of the brain Cerebrum Diencephalon Cerebellum Brain Stem Brain facts 4 parts of the brain CCerebrum DDiencephalon CCerebellum BBrain Stem

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Brain Lobes Cerebrum divided into 4 lobes Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital Cerebrum divided into 4 lobes Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital

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Cerebrospinal Fluid Primary Function = shock absorption Secondary Functions = circulate nutrients and chemicals from blood and remove waste products from brain Primary Function = shock absorption Secondary Functions = circulate nutrients and chemicals from blood and remove waste products from brain

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Preventing Head Injuries Helmets Mouth Guards Rules Common Sense Helmets Mouth Guards Rules Common Sense

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Head and Face Injuries Skull Fracture Concussion Intracranial Hematoma Post-concussion Syndrome Second Impact Syndrome Corneal Abrasion or Laceration Detached Retina Black Eye Foreign Body in Eye Embedded Object Subconjunctival Hematoma Hyphema Blowout Fracture Fracture of the Orbital Roof Skull Fracture Concussion Intracranial Hematoma Post-concussion Syndrome Second Impact Syndrome Corneal Abrasion or Laceration Detached Retina Black Eye Foreign Body in Eye Embedded Object Subconjunctival Hematoma Hyphema Blowout Fracture Fracture of the Orbital Roof Sinus Fracture Dislodged Contact Lens Eyelid Laceration Rupture Globe Laceration of the Pinna Cauliflower Ear Otitis Externa Foreign Body in Ear Epistaxis Deviateed Septum Nasal Fracture Mandible/Maxilla Fracture Temporomandibular Dislocation Tooth Dislocation Fracture Tooth

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Skull Fracture Types Depressed Compound Linear Penetrating Etiology Signs and Symptoms Management Types Depressed Compound Linear Penetrating Etiology Signs and Symptoms Management

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Temporomandibular Dislocation Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment

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Tooth Dislocation Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Subluxated Luxated Avulsed Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Subluxated Luxated Avulsed

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Fractured Tooth Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment