Chapter 13, Section 2 pgs 318-325The Roman World

The Roman Republic“All roads lead to Rome.”

• The city of Romewas established in753 BCE.

The Roman Republic

• Rome est. in 754 BCE by the Latins• Ruled by kings• Learned about written language, how to build

roads and sewers.

The Beginning of the Republic

• 509 BCE the last Roman king was overthrown.• The Roman Republic was formedA Republic is a type of government in which people elect leaders to make laws for them.• Created a Senate, a council of rich and powerful Romans who

helped run the city.• For Rome’s republic to be successful, the citizens, or people

who could take part in the government, had to be involved.

The Roman Forum A large public square where citizens would meet to discuss city affairs.

Growth and Conquest

• By 100 BCE, Romans ruled much of the Mediterranean world

• Romans fought the people of Carthage, a city in North Africa.

Julius Caesar

• General in the Roman army in the 40s BCE.• Caesar’s conquests made very powerful and

popular• Senate feared his popularity, banded together

and killed him in 44BCE.• His adopted son, Octavian become the first

emperor of Rome.

Octavian (Augustus)/The First Emperor 27 BCE

• Punished all of Caesar’s murderers, became very powerful.

• Was admired and respected.• Added a great deal of territory to the empire.• Built monuments and public buildings in

Rome.• Expanded Rome’s network of roads.

-improved trade and travel

Pax Romana

• A long period of peace and achievement.• Lasted 200 years• No wars or rebellions• Attention was focused on improving Roman

Society

Roman Building and Engineering

• Roman builders used arches to give their buildings strength.

• Many of the structures are still standing over 2000 years.

• Built Aqueducts, channelsUsed to carry water overLong distances

Roman Language and Law

• Latin spoken in ancient RomeSpanish, French, Italian and English are Latin based• Many modern countries in the world base

their government on the Roman Republic.Elected leaders who make the laws, citizens who obey them. Roman 12 Tablets/U.S. Constitution

Official Roman Religion: Christianity by the end of the 300s

The Spread of ChristianityThe Beginnings of Christianity• Based on the life, actions and

teachings of Jesus of Nazareth• Lived in taught in the Roman

territory of Judea• Christian ideas were spread by

Jesus’s followers throughout the Roman world

Persecution• Roman leaders feared Christians

were not loyal to Rome• Christians were arrested or killed

Acceptance• Persecution did not

cause Christians to abandon their religion

• by the 300s, Constantine became a Christian making Christianity widely accepted

Decline of Rome-6 Reasons

1. Poor leaders cared less for the people of Rome than they did their own happiness.

2. Taxes increased, prices rose, poverty increased.3. People became less loyal to Rome.4. The empire was too large for a single person to

govern well.5. Military leaders fought each other for power.6. Barbarians invaded the empire from outside.

Roman Roads, Pg 326-327: Write Question and Answer in your spiral

• How many miles of roads did the Romans build?

• How were Roman roads constructed?

• What is the purpose of a “milestone”?

• What was the main purpose for building the roads?

• Why do people say, “all roads lead to Rome?

Create your personal milestone

• Milestones were created by the Romans to mark how far a person has traveled. The word milestone is used today in regards to an important event in a person’s life. Write about a milestone in your life. Include details such as, how old you were, what the event was, was a happy or sad event, and why this event was important to you to be considered a milestone in your life?

Roman Mosaic Examples