Chapter 13 powerpoint
-
Upload
dan-koopman -
Category
Business
-
view
1.359 -
download
1
Transcript of Chapter 13 powerpoint
![Page 1: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Essentials of Fire Fighting6th Edition
Firefighter I
Chapter 13 — Tactical Ventilation
![Page 2: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Describe reasons for tactical ventilation.
Learning Objective 1
13–2
![Page 3: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Tactical ventilation is carefully planned to achieve the best results.
13–3
![Page 4: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The success of tactical ventilation depends on several factors.
13–4
![Page 5: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Tactical ventilation is performed for several general reasons.
13–5
![Page 6: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Tactical ventilation can be effective when correctly implemented.
13–6
![Page 7: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Tactical ventilation can improve life safety, the highest incident priority.
13–7
![Page 8: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Incident stabilization can be accomplished through ventilation.
13–8
![Page 9: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ventilation can influence property conservation.
13–9
![Page 10: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
REVIEW QUESTION
What are the reasons for tactical ventilation?
13–10
![Page 11: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Identify considerations that affect the decision to ventilate.
Learning Objective 2
13–11
![Page 12: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Explain the critical fire behavior indicators present during
tactical ventilation.
Learning Objective 3
13–12
![Page 13: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Both occupants and firefighters are at risk during a structural fire.
13–13
![Page 14: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Changes in building construction present different risks during fires.
13–14
![Page 15: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Knowledge of the building can help make decisions concerning ventilation.
13–15
![Page 16: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Various building characteristics should be considered when ventilating.
13–16
(Cont.)
![Page 17: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Various building characteristics should be considered when ventilating.
13–17
![Page 18: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Several fire behavior indicators also help with planning for ventilation.
13–18
(Cont.)
Co
urte
sy of B
ob
Esp
ositio
![Page 19: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Several fire behavior indicators also help with planning for ventilation.
13–19
Co
urte
sy of M
ike W
ied
er
![Page 20: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CAUTION
Do not rely solely on the presence or location of flames to assess an incident.
13–20
![Page 21: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
REVIEW QUESTION
How do smoke, air flow, heat, and flame impact fire behavior in a structure?
13–21
![Page 22: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
First arriving units must determine size, location, and extent of the fire.
13–22
![Page 23: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The type of ventilation used will depend on several factors.
13–23
![Page 24: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The location for ventilation must be selected based on several factors.
13–24
(Cont.)
![Page 25: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The location for ventilation must be selected based on several factors.
13–25
![Page 26: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Weather conditions will affect what happens inside a building as well.
13–26
![Page 27: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
CAUTION
A strong wind can overpower the natural convective effect of a fire and drive the smoke and hot gases back into the building.
13–27
![Page 28: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Exposures should be taken into account when planning ventilation.
13–28
![Page 29: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Staffing and resources are both requirements for ventilation.
13–29
![Page 30: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
REVIEW QUESTION
What considerations will affect the decision to ventilate?
13–30
![Page 31: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Define horizontal and vertical ventilation.
Learning Objective 4
13–31
![Page 32: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Explain the means for achieving horizontal and vertical
ventilation.
Learning Objective 5
13–32
![Page 33: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
There are two main types of tactical ventilation that can be performed.
13–33
(Cont.)
![Page 34: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
There are two main types of tactical ventilation that can be performed.
13–34
![Page 35: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
There are three means to accomplish ventilation used in the fire service.
13–35
![Page 36: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
There are several indicators of the need for mechanical or hydraulic ventilation.
13–36
![Page 37: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
REVIEW QUESTION
What are the basic means used to accomplish ventilation?
13–37
![Page 38: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Describe the types of horizontal ventilation.
Learning Objective 6
13–38
![Page 39: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Horizontal ventilation can be applied to several types of structures.
13–39
![Page 40: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Natural horizontal ventilation works with existing conditions to take advantage of natural air flow.
13–40
![Page 41: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
There are two types of mechanical horizontal ventilation.
13–41
![Page 42: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
NPV uses smoke ejectors to expel and pull smoke from a structure.
13–42
![Page 43: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
PPV uses a fan to create slightly higher pressure inside a structure than is outside.
13–43
![Page 44: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
WARNING!
Improperly applied, PPV can change the interior conditions and injure personnel working inside the structure.
13–44
![Page 45: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
PPV has both advantages and disadvantages.
13–45
![Page 46: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Hydraulic ventilation is used when other types of forced ventilation are unavailable.
13–46
![Page 47: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
REVIEW QUESTION
What are the main types of horizontal ventilation?
13–47
![Page 48: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
You should know the precautions against upsetting horizontal ventilation.
13–48
![Page 49: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Mechanical ventilation has both advantages and disadvantages.
13–49
![Page 50: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
REVIEW QUESTION
How do the advantages and disadvantages of natural, mechanical, and hydraulic ventilation compare to one another?
13–50
![Page 51: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Describe the types of vertical ventilation.
Learning Objective 7
13–51
![Page 52: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Vertical ventilation occurs after the Incident Commander considers several factors.
13–52
![Page 53: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Vertical ventilation presents several risks the IC must assess.
13–53
![Page 54: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Safety precautions should be used during vertical ventilation.
13–54
(Cont.)
Check wind direction, velocity
![Page 55: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Safety precautions should be used during vertical ventilation.
13–55
(Cont.)
![Page 56: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
CAUTION
Roof ladders are only meant to prevent slipping and are not intended to be used on fire-weakened roofs.
13–56
![Page 57: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Safety precautions should be used during vertical ventilation.
13–57
(Cont.)
![Page 58: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Safety precautions should be used during vertical ventilation.
13–58
![Page 59: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
WARNING!
Never direct a fire stream into a vertical exhaust opening when interior attack crews are inside the structure because it will force smoke, heat, and steam down on them.
13–59
![Page 60: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Knowing what to expect when sounding a roof is important.
13–60
![Page 61: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
CAUTION
Work in groups of at least two, but with no more personnel than absolutely necessary to perform the assigned task.
13–61
![Page 62: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Roof-cutting operations require specific resources and skills.
13–62
Co
urte
sy of M
att D
aly
![Page 63: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Roof ventilation leaders have specific responsibilities to perform.
13–63
![Page 64: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Various types of inspection holes can be used during ventilation.
13–64
![Page 65: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Offensive ventilation methods depend on the opening and roof type.
13–65
![Page 66: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
A square or rectangle is the most common opening made in a flat roof.
13–66
![Page 67: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Different types of roofs require different ventilation tactics.
13–67
![Page 68: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
The trench cut is strictly a defensive ventilation method.
13–68
![Page 69: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
The process for making a trench cut follows specific procedures.
13–69
![Page 70: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
REVIEW QUESTION
What are the types of vertical ventilation?
13–70
![Page 71: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
All ventilation team members should follow safety practices.
13–71
![Page 72: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
You should know the precautions against upsetting vertical ventilation.
13–72
![Page 73: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
WARNING!
Do not direct a fire stream into a ventilation opening during offensive interior operations.
13–73
![Page 74: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
REVIEW QUESTION
What differences are there between horizontal and vertical ventilation?
13–74
![Page 75: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Recognize other types of ventilation situations.
Learning Objective 8
13–75
![Page 76: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Other types of ventilation situations, such as basement fires, may arise.
13–76
![Page 77: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Other types of ventilation situations exist, such as windowless buildings.
13–77
![Page 78: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
High-rise fires are also another type of ventilation situation that may arise.
13–78
![Page 79: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Tactical ventilation must be considered during preincident planning.
13–79
![Page 80: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
WARNING!
Do not use stairwells or elevator shafts simultaneously for both evacuation and ventilation.
13–80
![Page 81: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
REVIEW QUESTION
What other types of ventilation situations might firefighters
encounter?
13–81
![Page 82: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Explain the effects of building systems on tactical ventilation.
Learning Objective 9
13–82
![Page 83: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Ventilation will have several effects on building systems.
13–83
![Page 84: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Built-in smoke control systems are designed to confine fire.
13–84
![Page 85: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
WARNING!
Do not attempt to operate building systems that assist in ventilation.
13–85
![Page 86: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
REVIEW QUESTION
How can a built-in heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system affect tactical ventilation?
13–86
![Page 87: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
• Tactical ventilation of a burning building allows heat, smoke, and fire gases to escape to the atmosphere and also draws fresh air into the building.
• Properly applied tactical ventilation allows firefighters to see better, locate victims more easily, and find the seat of the fire sooner.
Summary
13–87
(Cont.)
![Page 88: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
• Tactical ventilation limits fire spread and channels heat and smoke away from trapped victims; but must be correctly coordinated.
Summary
13–88
(Cont.)
![Page 89: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
• Firefighters must understand fire behavior, know various ventilation methods and have knowledge of roof construction and know how to create exhaust openings in all types of roofs that have a variety of openings in order to perform ventilation correctly.
Summary
13–89
![Page 90: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Ventilate using mechanical negative pressure in a window.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 13-I-1.
Learning Objective 10
13–90
![Page 91: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Ventilate using mechanical negative pressure in a doorway.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 13-I-2.
Learning Objective 11
13–91
![Page 92: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Ventilate using mechanical positive pressure.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 13-I-3.
Learning Objective 12
13–92
![Page 93: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Perform horizontal hydraulic ventilation.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 13-I-4.
Learning Objective 13
13–93
![Page 94: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Demonstrate the procedure for sounding a roof.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 13-I-5.
Learning Objective 14
13–94
![Page 95: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Ventilate using a rotary saw to cut an opening.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 13-I-6.
Learning Objective 15
13–95
![Page 96: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Ventilate using an axe to cut an opening.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 13-I-7.
Learning Objective 16
13–96
![Page 97: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Demonstrate the procedure for opening a flat roof.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 13-I-8.
Learning Objective 17
13–97
![Page 98: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Perform the steps for opening pitched roofs.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 13-I-9.
Learning Objective 18
13–98
![Page 99: Chapter 13 powerpoint](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013003/554a1f36b4c9055c598b57f3/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Demonstrate the procedure for making a trench cut using a rotary saw.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 13-I-10.
Learning Objective 19
13–99