Chapter 13 – Japan, Korea, Vietnam AP WORLD HISTORY.
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Transcript of Chapter 13 – Japan, Korea, Vietnam AP WORLD HISTORY.
Chapter 13 – Japan, Korea, Vietnam
AP WORLD HISTORY
What do we know about Post-Classical China?
Sui, Tang, Song Dynasties
Sui: rebuilds after chaos resulting from the fall of the Han dynasty; Grand Canal to connect north and south
Tang: Early support and promotion of Buddhism (Empress Wu); increase in temples/education/rights of women; eventually ban Buddhism; Perfect Bureaucracy/Civil Service Exam; growth of large cities
Song: Neo-Confucianism; foot binding; strong trade networks and navy; some tendencies for exploration
Eventually will be invaded by Mongols in 1237 CE
China’s View of the Asian Peoples
•Story of Phuc and the Barbarians’ Hotel•Story shows reverence for China but also showed the view China held for “others”•China was seen as “Middle Kingdom”•Chinese language, Confucianism, technological innovations and social/political organization spread throughout Vietnam, Korea and Japan•This spread was also met with open resistance when direct control was exerted (Vietnam & Korea)
Japan in the Post-Classical Period
Influence of Chinese Government, Culture and
Traditions in Japan7th and 8th centuries CE - Chinese
influence in full effect in Japan Taika Reforms (646 CE)
Change Japanese leader into absolute emperorChinese language in Japanese bureaucracyDynastic historiesEtiquette blended from China and JapanBuddhist art; Confucian practices Ultimately fail - WHY?
Buddhist monks overly powerful; aristocratic families seize control in reaction and move capital to Heian
Chinese Influence Upon Japanese Culture
Royal Court Proceedings Emphasized education, politeness, social norms,
literature/poetry/artPalaces and Gardens
The Tale of GenjiDecline of Chinese influence
Imperial family loses power to powerful landownersLess stress on importance of Chinese customs which
were deeply connected to Imperial family Formal gov’t replaced with bakufu (military
government)
The emperor The emperor reigned, but did reigned, but did not always rule!not always rule! JapanesJapanes
eFeudal eFeudal SocietySociety
JapanesJapaneseFeudal eFeudal SocietySociety
Japanese Social Structure Samurai Code of
Honor (Bushido)Loyalty to lords and
emperor, Politeness, Simplicity
Hunting, Archery, Steel Swords and Longbow
Seppuku - killing oneself for dishonorable deeds
Japanese vs. European Feudalism
Japanese vs. European Feudalism
Europe Japan
Nobility king, lordsemperor, shogun,
daimyo
Warriors knights samurai
Code of conduct chivalry bushido
Evolution
Both practices developed in response to the need for security and stability everyone had well-defined social roles helped preserve law and order
Japanese Economy
Growth of urban commerceGuildsBetter crops (soybeans)Settle in new areas
Impact on WomenGuild and trade participation in merchant classesElite women: lost rights to inherit land and certain
forms of education Used in marriage alliances
Decline of Post-Classical Japan
ShogunsGain too much power; manipulated emperors
Military DivisionsDivide Japan into 300 little kingdoms
Changes in WarfareSneak attacks, untrained forces; decreased focus
on role of samuraiPeasant Unrest
Badly trained and poorly fed troopsRaid cities; some unsuccessful revolts and uprisings
Korea in the Post-Classical Period
Chinese Influence Upon Korea
Before arrival of Chinese Influence:Descendants of Siberia and ManchuriaSettle in Korean by 4th century BCE
Han Dynasty conquered Korea in 109 BCE; Chinese settlers to Korea
SinificationAdoption of Chinese cultureAided by Buddhism
Acceptance of certain Chinese traditionsWriting, unified law code, universities, bureaucracy
Sinification
Tang Dynasty conquers Korea, but eventually removes influence in 668 CEKorea remains independent until 20th century
Send groups to China to study Chinese culture (Tribute system)
Study Chinese textsArt - modeled Chinese pottery, architecture
(templies, pagodas), print-makingBuddhism
Limited Acceptance
Which group was most likely to accept Chinese culture in Korea?
Why?Elites did not intermarry or socialize outside of classes
so ideas never spreadDominated trade with China and JapanCommoners only related to religious (Buddhist) aspect
due to missionaries and festivals After expulsion of Mongols in 1231, Korea
establishes the Yi dynasty which will continue many of these trends until its rule ends in 1910
Vietnam in the Post-Classical Period
Vietnam
2nd century BCE - conquered by Han Pre-conquest: Viets had strong cultural
heritage of their ownAlready settled in area when come in
contact with Qin dynasty 100 years beforeResisted cultural influences but accepted
technological innovations and ideas about government
China views Viets as “southern barbarians”
Chinese vs. Vietnamese Cultures in Post-Classical Period
Chinese CultureXenophobicMandarin ChineseEmphasis on centralized
government/ bureaucracy
Women’s roles limited to household
Vietnamese Culture Willing to marry outside of
culture (Khmers in Cambodia)
Distinct language Emphasized local village
autonomy Women have good deal of
independence Also have different styles of
dress and hygiene
Influence Upon Vietnamese Elite
111 BCE - Han conquers VietnamElite look to benefit
Attend Chinese schoolsEnforce exam system for gov’t jobsAdopt irrigation techniques, Chinese
military organization, ancestor worship
Vietnamese Resistance to Chinese Influence
Peasants oppose influence - they don’t benefit as much as elite
Chinese in Vietnam look down upon lower-class customs
Trung sisters led revolt in 39 CeOpposed Confucian values - WHY?
Vietnam difficult for China to control due to geography (Distance/mountains)
939 CE - gain independence from ChinaRemain independent until 19th c. French colonization