Chapter 12 The Trunk and Spinal Column. Skull Label Frontal External Occipital Protuberance Superior...
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Transcript of Chapter 12 The Trunk and Spinal Column. Skull Label Frontal External Occipital Protuberance Superior...
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Chapter 12Chapter 12
The Trunk and The Trunk and
Spinal ColumnSpinal Column
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SkullSkull
Label
Frontal
External Occipital Protuberance
Superior Nuchal Line (3rd picture #2)
Occipital
Mastoid Process
Temporal
Parietal
Lacrimal
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Vomer
Nasal Conchae
Nasal
Mandible
Palatine
Sphenoid
Vomer
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VertebraVertebra
Body
Transverse Processes
Articular Processes
Spinous Process
Vertebral Foramen
Pedicle
Lamina
Intervertebral Foramen
Label
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Vertebral ColumnVertebral ColumnRegional StructuresRegional Structures
1.1. Cervical (7)Cervical (7)– ..– Transverse ForamenTransverse Foramen– AtlasAtlas– Axis (Axis (OdontoidOdontoid Process) Process)
2.2. Thoracic (12)Thoracic (12)– ..
– ..3.3. Lumbar (5)Lumbar (5)4.4. ..
– Median Sacral CrestMedian Sacral Crest– Sacral CanalSacral Canal– Sacral ForamenSacral Foramen– Sacral HiatusSacral Hiatus– Superior Articular FacetSuperior Articular Facet– Superior Sacral NotchSuperior Sacral Notch
5.5. Coccyx (4)Coccyx (4)
Bifed Spinous ProcessBifed Spinous Process
Superior & Inferior Superior & Inferior Costal FacetsCostal FacetsTransverse Costal FacetsTransverse Costal Facets
Sacral (5)
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SternumSternum Jugular Notch
Manubrium
Sternal Angle
Body
Costal Notches
Transverse Ridges
Xyphoid Process
LABEL
Clavicular Notch
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Rib CageRib Cage
True (7)
False (3)
Floating (2)
Label
Costal Angle
Costal Groove
Inferior Border
Superior Border Tubercle
Neck
Head
Shaft
Label
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JointsJoints
AtlantooccipitalAtlantooccipital
AtlantoaxialAtlantoaxial
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Vertebral Facet JointsVertebral Facet Joints
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IntervertebralIntervertebral
DisksDisks
Annulus Fibrosis
Nucleus Pulposus
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LigamentsLigaments
Posterior LongitudinalPosterior Longitudinal
Anterior LongitudinalAnterior Longitudinal
IntertransverseIntertransverse
InterspinalInterspinalLigamentum FlavumLigamentum Flavum
SupraspinalSupraspinal
Ligamentum NuchaeLigamentum Nuchae
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Ligamenta FlavaPosterior Longitudinal Ligament Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
LigamentsLigaments
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Movements and Range of MotionMovements and Range of Motion
Cervical RegionCervical Region: : Flexion 45°Flexion 45° Extension 45°Extension 45° Lateral Flexion 45° Lateral Flexion 45° Rotation 60°Rotation 60°
Lumbar RegionLumbar Region: : Flexion 20° to 30°Flexion 20° to 30° Extension 20° to 30°Extension 20° to 30° Lateral Flexion 35° Lateral Flexion 35° Rotation 45°Rotation 45°
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Major Muscles of the SpineMajor Muscles of the SpineSternocleidomastoidSternocleidomastoid • Strengthen
•Stretch
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Major Muscles of the SpineMajor Muscles of the SpineSplenius CervicusSplenius Cervicus • Strengthen
•Stretch
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Major Muscles of the SpineMajor Muscles of the SpineSplenius CapitisSplenius Capitis • Strengthen
•Stretch
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Major Muscles of the SpineMajor Muscles of the SpineErector SpinaeErector Spinae SpinalisSpinalis
• Strengthen
•Stretch
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Major Muscles of the SpineMajor Muscles of the SpineErector SpinaeErector Spinae LongissimusLongissimus
• Strengthen
•Stretch
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Major Muscles of the SpineMajor Muscles of the SpineErector SpinaeErector Spinae IliocostalisIliocostalis
• Strengthen
•Stretch
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Major Muscles of the SpineMajor Muscles of the SpineQuadratus LumborumQuadratus Lumborum • Strengthen
•Stretch
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Muscles of the Abdominal WallMuscles of the Abdominal WallRectus Rectus AbdominisAbdominis • Strengthen
•Stretch
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Muscles of the Abdominal WallMuscles of the Abdominal WallInternal ObliqueInternal Oblique • Strengthen
•Stretch
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Muscles of the Abdominal WallMuscles of the Abdominal WallExternal ObliqueExternal Oblique • Strengthen
•Stretch
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Muscles of the Abdominal WallMuscles of the Abdominal WallTransverse AbdominisTransverse Abdominis
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LordosisLordosisExcessive anterior curvature of the lumbar spineExcessive anterior curvature of the lumbar spine CausesCauses CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Relationship of ASIS to PSISRelationship of ASIS to PSIS
Relationship to low back pain?Relationship to low back pain?
How to strengthenHow to strengthen
Tight/Inflexible MusclesTight/Inflexible MusclesHow to stretchHow to stretch
Anterior Pelvic TiltAnterior Pelvic Tilt
Abdominal protrusionAbdominal protrusion
Weak MusclesWeak Muscles
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ScoliosisScoliosisLateral deviation(s) of the spineLateral deviation(s) of the spine CausesCauses CharacteristicsCharacteristics
IncidenceIncidence
ClassificationClassification
Curvature & Rotational DeformityCurvature & Rotational Deformity
Signs of ScoliosisSigns of Scoliosis
Simple “C”Simple “C”
Compound “S”Compound “S”
TreatmentTreatment
Signs of Scoliosis
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