Chapter 12-Services

Key Issue 1-Where Did Services Originate

Key Issue 1

• Occurs in all societies, but more prevalent in MDCs

• Types of Services

• Consumer Services-provides services to customers

• Retail and Wholesale Services

• Education Services

• Health Services

Services (continued)

• Leisure and Hospitality Services

• Business Services

• Financial Services-”FIRE”-financial, insurance, real estate

• Professional Services

• Transportation and Similar Services

• Public Services

Contemporary Rural Settlements

• Clustered rural settlements-# of families live in close proximity to each other

• Dispersed rural settlements-farmers living on individual farms isolated from their neighbors

• Circular or linear settlements

• Colonial American Clustered Settlements

Enclosure Movement

• British government changed rural landscape from clustered to dispersed settlements

Key Issue 2

• Central place theory-market center for the exchange of goods

• Hinterland-area surrounding service from which customers are attracted is known as this

• Range of service-maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service, for example grocery store, video rentals, but they may be willing to go farther to go to a little league baseball game or concert

• Does this make sense to you?

Threshold of a service

• Threshold-what is the minimum number of people needed to support the service

• Market Area Analysis-what is the profitability of a location, optimal location within a market

• Gravity model-predicts optimal location of a service that is directly related to # of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it

• See page 409-best location in a nonlinear settlement

Nesting of services and settlements

• Diagram page 410• Rank-size rule-largest settlement in largest

area (city), 2nd largest city is ½ the size of the largest, 4th largest is ¼ size of the largest and so on

• Primate city-country’s largest city• Primate city rule-largest settlement has

more than twice as many people as the 2nd ranking settlement (figure 12-9)

Key Issue 3

• Ancient world cities

• Earliest urban settlements-Ur in Mesopotamia

• Ancient Athens-2500 B.C.-oldest Knossos on island of Crete

• Ancient Rome

• Medieval World Cities-figure 12-11

Modern World Cities

• London, NYC, Tokyo

Key Issue 4

• CBD-central business district-downtown areas typically

• High land cost in CBD

• Skyscrapers-think about Tokyo-can’t build out, must build up

• Figure 12-19, page 426