Chapter 12 Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Diseases and Disorders

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Chapter 12 Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Diseases and Disorders. Anatomy and Physiology. Liver Largest solid organ in the body Plays role in: Digestion Absorption Metabolism. Anatomy and Physiology. Liver Plays role in Blood clotting Manufacture of important chemicals - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Chapter 12 Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Diseases and Disorders

Page 1: Chapter 12 Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Diseases and Disorders
Page 2: Chapter 12 Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Diseases and Disorders

Anatomy and Physiology

LiverLargest solid organ in the bodyPlays role in:

○ Digestion○ Absorption ○ Metabolism

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Page 3: Chapter 12 Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Diseases and Disorders

Anatomy and Physiology

LiverPlays role in

○ Blood clotting○ Manufacture of important chemicals○ Storage of nutrients

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Page 4: Chapter 12 Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Diseases and Disorders

Anatomy and Physiology

Gallbladder stores bile until needed Pancreas produces and excretes most

of the intestinal enzymes

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Page 5: Chapter 12 Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Diseases and Disorders

Common Signs and Symptoms Liver Disease

JaundicePain is the most common symptom

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Page 6: Chapter 12 Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Diseases and Disorders

Diagnostic Tests

Liver function tests measure bilirubin, albumin, alkaline phosphatase

Ultrasound, X-rays, CAT scan Biopsy Blood tests to measure pancreatic

function

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Liver Diseases

HepatitisInflammation of the liverCauses include chemical actions of drugs,

toxic substances, chronic alcoholism, group of viruses

Viral hepatitis is the most prevalent

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Liver Diseases

HepatitisSymptoms

○ Jaundice○ Malaise○ Anorexia○ Myalgia

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Liver Diseases

HepatitisSymptoms

○ Fever ○ Abdominal pain○ Dark-colored urine (hepatomegaly)○ Clay or light-colored stools

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Liver Diseases

HepatitisTreatment

○ Rest○ Good nutrition

Prevention○ Good hygiene○ Special care when handling needles and body

fluids

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Liver Diseases

Viral Hepatitis occurs in five types A, B, C, D, E

Hepatitis A: benign; spread by oral-fecal contact

Hepatitis B: formerly called “serum hepatitis” spread by blood, urine, feces, saliva, and semen

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Page 12: Chapter 12 Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Diseases and Disorders

Liver Diseases

Hepatitis C: spread by blood or sex Hepatitis D: “delta virus” requires

presence of hepatitis B to replicate Hepatitis E: spread through fecal-oral

contact, commonly due to water contamination

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Page 13: Chapter 12 Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Diseases and Disorders

Liver Diseases

CirrhosisChronic, irreversible, degenerative Replacement of normal liver cells with

nonfunctioning scar tissue called “hobnail liver”

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Page 14: Chapter 12 Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Diseases and Disorders

Liver Diseases

CirrhosisMost common cause is chronic alcoholismSymptoms

○ Loss of appetite○ Nausea○ Indigestion○ Weakness and weight loss

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Liver Disease

Liver CancerPrimary and benign tumors of liver are rareUsually discovered late or end stage Diagnosis confirmed by biopsyTreatment may involve surgery, radiation,

chemotherapy

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Gallbladder Diseases

CholecystitisInflammation of gallbladder usually caused

by obstruction of bile due to gallstoneDiagnosis is made by ultrasound,

cholecystogram

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Gallbladder Diseases

CholecystitisSymptoms

○ Mild to severe RUQ pain○ Nausea and vomiting after eating

Treatment surgical excision

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Gallbladder Diseases

CholelithiasisGallstones in gallbladder or bile ductsSymptoms

○ Nausea○ Vomiting○ RUQ pain following meals with fat

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Gallbladder Diseases

CholelithiasisRisk factors include excessive weight,

increasing age, female

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Gallbladder Diseases

Cholelithiasis5 F’s of cholelithiasis

○ Female○ Fair complexion○ Fat○ Fertile○ Forty or older

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Pancreas Diseases

Pancreatitis - Inflammation of pancreasSymptoms

○ Severe abdominal pain radiating to back○ Nausea○ Vomiting○ Diaphoresis○ Tachycardia

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Pancreas Diseases

PancreatitisSymptoms of chronic pancreatitis are similar

to acuteDiagnosis is based on high blood amylaseTreatment and prognosis depends on cause

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Page 23: Chapter 12 Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Diseases and Disorders

Pancreas Diseases

Pancreas CancerUsually adenocarcinoma occurring in head

of pancreasSymptoms:

○ Abdominal pain○ Back pain○ Nausea○ Vomiting

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Pancreas Diseases

Pancreas CancerSymptoms

○ Loss of appetite○ Weakness○ Jaundice○ Fatigue

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Pancreas Diseases

Pancreas CancerDiagnosis confirmed by biopsyTreatment

○ Surgical resection○ Radiation and chemotherapy

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