The Era of Good Feeling

chapter 12The second war war for independence1Madison inaugurated in 1809

Part of the Virginia DynastyLine of 4 VA Presidents between 1789 and 1829(Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe)

Strongly Jeffersonian

JAMES MADISONMadison took oath of office with problems still boiling with France and Great Britain.

Congress passed Macons Bill No. 2 to replace Non-Intercourse Act of 1809

Purpose was to get either France or Britain to trade with USMACON'S BILL #2Non-Intercourse Act1809 - Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the Embargo, which forbade American trade with all foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or French policy towards neutral ships, so it was replaced by Macons Bill No. 2.Macons Bill No. 21810 - Forbade trade with Britain and France, but offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its neutral trading restrictions first. France quickly changed its policies against neutral vessels, so the U.S. resumed trade with France, but not Britain.WAR OF 1812US would retain embargo against the one that didnt agree to trade.

Napoleon agreed.He hoped US would go to war with England

Napoleon never planned on honoring agreement.

British given three months to end restrictions.

NapoleonNAPOLEONBritain demanded US withdraw restrictions on Britian until France had withdrawn all their restrictions on US shipping.CAUGHT IN A TRAP?Madisons gamble failed.

Left with no choice but to establish embargo again against Great Britain.

Madison knew decision probably meant the end of American neutrality and would probably be the final steps towards war.

FranceGreat BritainAmerican merchant

You boys can keep on killing each other. If either of yall need anything, just give us Yankees a holler!I hate you, French dude!Je vous hais plus!

FranceGreat Britain

Causes of the War of 1812 In 1803, Britain and France went to war again. Both countries seized U.S. ships sailing towards the ports of their enemy.

American merchantMr. President, the British and French keep seizing American merchant ships. Something must be done!President Thomas JeffersonI know what to do! If we dont allow American ships to trade with anyone, then they wont get attacked!True, but thats not what I had in mind!Group of young leaders in Congress that were strongly nationalistic

Came mostly from the South and West.

Were on fire for a new war with the old enemy England

WAR HAWKS

Henry Clay--from Kentucky; elected Speaker of the House of Representatives.

John C. Calhoun--representative from South Carolina

Henry ClayKentuckyFAMOUS WAR HAWKS

John C. CalhounSouth Carolina IMPRESSMENTImpressment meant that American soldiers were being held as captives and put into service for the British navy.This is an act of war!!!

impressmentFrance and Great Britain are at warWar Hawks were upset about Great Britain impressing sailors.

14Western War Hawks want to wipe out renewed Indian resistance.

Tecumseh and the ProphetTwin Shawnee brothersOrganized confederacy of tribes east of Miss.

Americans thought British were aiding them. Somewhat true!BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE 1811

General William H. Harrison repelled an Indian raid at Tippecanoe (present day Indiana)

Essentially ended the Indian threat in the Old Northwest

War Hawks want US to attack Canada to remove further Indian threats

WILLIAM H. HARRISONFederalist from New Hampshire

Spoke against entry into the war

Concerned about effects on New England from possible British blockade.

DANIEL WEBSTERF Dont do it! Dont go to war!

Hey, hey! What do ya say? Lets not go to war today!The United States declared war on England in June 1812.

Many in the US opposed to the war!!WAR DECLAREDWar Hawks pushed Madison into war

Traditional Republican (Jeffersonian) feelings towards France.

Visibility of British impressments and arming of Indians.

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

Lure of British CanadaWHY ENGLAND NOT FRANCE?US unprepared for warEconomy not ready, regular army not big enough, poorly trained militias, British had the best navy in the world.

"MR. MADISON'S WAR"

US attacks on Canada a strategic failure.

Attacked Ontario instead of Montreal.

Most of the war focused on the Great Lakes area.

Fighting will end in stalemate.OH CANADA

Nicknames given to the problems faced by American soldiers in the War of 1812GENERAL MUD ANDGENERAL CONFUSIONWhen Americas land invasions of Canada did not find success, Americans looked for success on water.

The navy did much better than the army!!SEND THE NAVY!Famous battleship involved was the USS Constitution or called Old Ironsides'OLD IRONSIDES'Control of the Great Lakes was vitalGREAT LAKESFamous American sailor

Great victories in the Great Lakes region

We have met the enemy and they are oursFamous quote of O.H. Perry

Forced British troops to move out of Canada setting them up for heavy losses at the armies hands.OLIVER HAZARD PERRYPerry forces British army towards William Henry Harrison

Where Tecumseh is killedBATTLE OF THAMES

By 1814, Napoleon was defeated and British focused on North America

Washington DC will be burned!

WHERE'S NAPOLEON???

Attack on Fort McHenry near Baltimore important

American forces hold out against heavy British bombardment!BRITISH ATTACK US SOIL!Battle of Fort McHenry,1814

And the rockets red glareThe bombs bursting in air -- Francis Scott Key

Watched the attack aboard a British ship as a prisoner

Composes the Star-Spangled Banner

Will become an important symbol of US nationalism after the war!FRANCIS SCOTT KEY

Gave proof through the night,That our flag was still there..

Indian attacks on US military causes Andrew Jackson to retaliate against a Creek village

300 warriors killed

Largest Indian massacre in US history.BATTLE OF HORSESHOE BENDBritish aimed at taking mouth of Mississippi in New Orleans

British launch foolish frontal assault

Andrew Jackson commanded 7000 man force of sailors, regulars, pirates, Frenchmen, free blacks, and militiamen from KY, TN, and LA

BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANSOver 2000 British casualties in hour compared to about 70 Americans

Famous for crushing Indians at Battle of Horseshoe Bend

Force made up of a variety of rough characters

See battle of New OrleansGEN. ANDREW JACKSON

BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANSBattle was needless b/c end of war had been determined 2 weeks earlier by the Treaty of Ghent

Battle of New Orleans resulted in tremendous American pride and nationalism

Jackson a hero!

New orleans

Americans began to see themselves as Americans FIRST and state citizens SECOND

NATIONALISMSigned in late 1814

Both sides agree to stop fighting and restore things to the way they were before the war began

No mention of American grievances!!!

TREATY OF GHENT

Meeting of most New England states

Discuss complaints during the war

Hurt by blockade

Some delegates urge secessionHARTFORD CONVENTIONWith American victories, makes them look like traitors

Hartford Resolutions were the end of the Federalist Party for good.

HARTFORD CONVENTIONLeaders of the Federalist Party that tried to break New England away.'BLUE LIGHT' FEDERALISTSU.S. gained the respect of other nations U.S. came to accept Canada as a neighbor and a part of the British Empire The Federalist party came to an end as a national force Talk of nullification and secession in New England set a precedent that would later be used by the SouthGained our neutrality and became isolated from Europe

1812 WAR LEGACY?