Chapter 11 Types of Pumps

7/27/2019 Chapter 11 Types of Pumps

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Types of Pumps

IMT 124

PUMPSMay 2008


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Centrifugal Pumps

A rotating vane disk attached to a drive

shaft moves fluid without pulsation as it

spins. The outlet can be restricted without

damaging the pump.

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Diaphragm Pumps

Pulsations of one or two flexible

diaphragms displace liquid while check

valves control the direction of the fluid

flow.

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Diaphragm Pumps

Diaphragm pumps are commonly referred

to as mud hogs, mud hens and mud

suckers. Their names reflect their

popularity for use in applications whereshallow depths and slurry water render

centrifugal pumps ineffective.

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They have the ability to handle air without

losing their prime and of handling water

with a solid content greater than 25% by

volume.

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Diaphragm Pumps


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Another design benefit is that diaphragm

pumps do not run the risk of being

damaged if run for long periods of time.

Since there is no impeller or volute the

only wear parts are the flapper (inlet and

outlet) valves along with the diaphragm

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Diaphragm Pumps


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Drum Pumps

A motor attached to an impeller is

mounted on top of a drum. The impeller

pushes fluid up the tube set when

submersed.

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Flexible Liner Pumps

The outer surface of an inert liner and

inner surface of a rotating body block

create a fluid channel used to gently pump

fluids without pulsation.

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Flexible Impeller

Elastomeric impeller traps fluid between the

impeller blades and a molded housing that

sweeps fluid through the pump housing.

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Simple design - Easy to select, service

and use

Small dimensions vs capacity - Can be

installed in confined places

Reversible - Recovery of product from

discharge pipe

Inexpensive - Low investment

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Flexible Impeller


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Minimum/zero clearances - Extremely

good self-priming capacity, displaces air

and gas positively or aerated products

Smooth operating principle - Fragile and/or

shear sensitive products can be handled

Rubber impeller design - Hard/soft solids

transported through the pump without

damage to pump or product

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Flexible Impeller


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http://www.pumpvendor.com/Jabsco_30530-2xxx_30530-4xxx_series.html


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Gear Pumps

Fluid is trapped between the teeth of two

or three rotating gears. Gear pumps are

good for high system-pressure

applications and are often magneticallydriven.

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Hand Pumps

Manually powered pumps of various

designs used for short term or repetitive

liquid transfer applications.

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Peristaltic (tubing)

Fluid only contacts the tubingrollers of a

motor-driven pump head push the fluid

along the tubing as they rotate. Non-

contaminating and easy to clean.

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Piston Pumps

Rotating pistons of varying stroke lengths

pump fluids through check valves. Good

for high-pressure applications.

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Progressing Cavity

The cavity between a screw-style rotor

and stator force high-viscosity and

particulate-filled fluids through the pump.

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Rotary Lobe Pumps

Lobe-shaped rotors gently fill with and

dispense fluids containing soft particles,

solids, and highly viscous fluids. Sanitary

construction is perfect for use in the foodand beverage industries.

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Circumferential

Piston Pump


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Rotary Vane Pumps

Operate like flexible impeller pumps but

use an impeller made of a rigid material

useful for high-pressure or low-shear

applications.

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Submersible/Immersible

Centrifugal pumps in a specialized

housing used for emptying tanks or

sumps.

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Sump Pumps

Are used to remove water from basements

and crawl spaces in homes.

Fairly inexpensive, they can be used for

other uses, such as pumping a swimming

pool or irrigating a garden.

Generally power is 110 volts.

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Sump Pumps

Sump pumps are generally sold accordingto the horsepower rating of the pumpmotor. You will see horsepower, 1/3

horsepower and horsepower pumpsavailable. Although the horsepower of thepump is a good yardstick to use in

judging which size pump to buy, a more

accurate way is to look at the GPH or,Gallons Per Hour that the unit is capableof pumping.

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Sump Pumps

For instance, you will find horsepower

sump pumps that can pump 3,000 gallons

per hour and you will also see other

horsepower pumps that are capable ofpumping over 7,500 gallons per hour. As

you can see, horsepower ratings are not

very accurate in judging which size pumpto buy

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Pedestal Pumps

One of the most common types of sump pumps is apedestal pump. A motor is mounted on a smallpedestal. The entire unit usually stands about 30" tall. Ahose or a pipe extends down from the motor to thebottom of the pit. On a separate metal rod there is a

float. As the water level in the pit raises and lowers, thisfloat moves up and down. This is called a float switch.When the float reaches a certain height (because thewater level pushed it there), it activates the motor andthe water is sucked up through the hose and ejectedthrough another pipe. The motor on this pump is notdesigned to be underwater. The switch will alwaysactivate before the water level comes up to the bottom ofthe pump.(Brian Simkins web site)

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Switch

Float

Discharge

Motor

Intake

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Submersible Pumps

Another type of sump pump is a submersible pump. Itis a much smaller unit, usually about 12" tall, that sits inthe bottom of your sump pit. Some pumps that fall withinthis style have a float switch on a rod just like thepedestal pump, but the rod is only about 4 inches tall.

Others have a different type of float switch. The electricalswitch itself is encased in a hard plastic bubble. As thewater level rises, the bubble floats. When it floats so highthat it reaches a vertical position above the pump, theswitch is activated and the pump kicks on.

(Brian Simkins is a freelance writer living in Chicago. Heenjoys using his 14 years of home improvementexperience to educate and equip new home owners.)

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Float

switchDischarge

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Well Pumps

There are two general types of well

pumps: submersible well pumps and jet

pumps. Shallow well jet pumps are used

for wells under 25 feet deep, and have noworking parts submerged in water. Deep

well jet pumps on the other hand, can be

used for wells up to 75 feet deep, andhave their ejectors installed in the well

itself.

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Well Pumps

Submersible well pumps, as their name imply, are usedunderwater in wells. A small electric motor (called adriver) is installed in the well shaft, usually below thepump itself, and an electric cable is attached to themotor. Piping is then fitted from the pump, through thelength of the shaft and into the home. Unlike theirshallow-end counterparts, submersible well pumps maybe set hundreds of feet beneath the water in a well.When the pump is activated, the motor, which consists of

a number of impellers and diffusers which spin on acommon shaft (called stages), pushes water up out ofthe well.

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Well Pumps

Because the diameter of wells is restrictive, theimpellers have to be stacked on top of eachother to exert enough pressure to force thewater up through the pipe. This is why

submersible well pumps are very long. Astandard 4" submersible pump measuresbetween 24" to 48" in length, 3.9" in diameter,and spins at 3600 rpm. The 3" submersiblepump measures 2.9" in diameter and spins at

about 8000 rpm. The number of impellers anddiffusers a pump has determines the head (orpressure) the pump exerts.

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Sources

http://www.sumppumphelp.com/Sump_Pump_Installation_for_Do-It-Yourselfers.html

www.waterpumps -

gpm.com/mechanics.html http://www.pumpbiz.com/products/index.cf

m?fuseaction=pump_series&series_id=52

3

http://www.pumps-in-

stock.com/diaphragm_pump_designs.html

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http://www.sumppumphelp.com/Sump_Pump_Installation_for_Do-It-Yourselfers.htmlhttp://www.sumppumphelp.com/Sump_Pump_Installation_for_Do-It-Yourselfers.htmlhttp://www.waterpumps-gpm.com/mechanics.htmlhttp://www.waterpumps-gpm.com/mechanics.htmlhttp://www.waterpumps-gpm.com/mechanics.htmlhttp://www.waterpumps-gpm.com/mechanics.htmlhttp://www.pumpbiz.com/products/index.cfm?fuseaction=pump_series&series_id=523http://www.pumpbiz.com/products/index.cfm?fuseaction=pump_series&series_id=523http://www.pumpbiz.com/products/index.cfm?fuseaction=pump_series&series_id=523http://www.pumps-in-stock.com/diaphragm_pump_designs.htmlhttp://www.pumps-in-stock.com/diaphragm_pump_designs.htmlhttp://www.pumps-in-stock.com/diaphragm_pump_designs.htmlhttp://www.pumps-in-stock.com/diaphragm_pump_designs.htmlhttp://www.pumps-in-stock.com/diaphragm_pump_designs.htmlhttp://www.pumps-in-stock.com/diaphragm_pump_designs.htmlhttp://www.pumps-in-stock.com/diaphragm_pump_designs.htmlhttp://www.pumpbiz.com/products/index.cfm?fuseaction=pump_series&series_id=523http://www.pumpbiz.com/products/index.cfm?fuseaction=pump_series&series_id=523http://www.pumpbiz.com/products/index.cfm?fuseaction=pump_series&series_id=523http://www.waterpumps-gpm.com/mechanics.htmlhttp://www.waterpumps-gpm.com/mechanics.htmlhttp://www.waterpumps-gpm.com/mechanics.htmlhttp://www.waterpumps-gpm.com/mechanics.htmlhttp://www.sumppumphelp.com/Sump_Pump_Installation_for_Do-It-Yourselfers.htmlhttp://www.sumppumphelp.com/Sump_Pump_Installation_for_Do-It-Yourselfers.htmlhttp://www.sumppumphelp.com/Sump_Pump_Installation_for_Do-It-Yourselfers.htmlhttp://www.sumppumphelp.com/Sump_Pump_Installation_for_Do-It-Yourselfers.htmlhttp://www.sumppumphelp.com/Sump_Pump_Installation_for_Do-It-Yourselfers.htmlhttp://www.sumppumphelp.com/Sump_Pump_Installation_for_Do-It-Yourselfers.html


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Sources

http://www.johnson-

pump.com/JPIndustry/Impeller_Pumps/Im

peller_generalSPX.htm

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http://www.johnson-pump.com/JPIndustry/Impeller_Pumps/Impeller_generalSPX.htmhttp://www.johnson-pump.com/JPIndustry/Impeller_Pumps/Impeller_generalSPX.htmhttp://www.johnson-pump.com/JPIndustry/Impeller_Pumps/Impeller_generalSPX.htmhttp://www.johnson-pump.com/JPIndustry/Impeller_Pumps/Impeller_generalSPX.htmhttp://www.johnson-pump.com/JPIndustry/Impeller_Pumps/Impeller_generalSPX.htmhttp://www.johnson-pump.com/JPIndustry/Impeller_Pumps/Impeller_generalSPX.htmhttp://www.johnson-pump.com/JPIndustry/Impeller_Pumps/Impeller_generalSPX.htm

Chapter 11 Types of Pumps

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