Chapter 11:Chapter 11:The Third The Third

WorldWorld

Thinking About The Third World

• The Basics

• Poverty

• Environmental Threats

• Ethnicity and Conflict

• Globalization and Structural Adjustment

Thinking About The Third World

• Key Questions

– Why are global forces more influential in the Third World?

– Why are Third World societies so divided?

– Why are so many states in the Third World so weak?

The Evolution of Politics in the Third World

• Imperialism and its Legacy

• Boundaries of imperial convenience

• Commercial agriculture

• Extractive industries

• Exported profits

• Indirect rule

The Evolution of Politics in the Third World

• Independence

• Postcolonial Problems

Political Culture in the Third World

• Identity

• patron-client linkages

• religious cleavages

• change and resistance

• Ethnic and Other Division

• Lack of Legitimacy

Political Participation in the Third World

• Less of a balance between supporting and demanding participation

• “Top down” participation in single-party or military governments

• Over-simplification to say they are cynical manipulation of the masses by the elite.

• Patron-client relations• Communal groups• The role of nongovernmental organizations

Weak States

• Types of States

• Democracies

• Single-Party Regimes

• Military Regimes

• Personal Dictatorships

• Failed States

Weak States

• States and Power

• lack of public resources

• short-lived regimes

• corruption

Public Policy: The Myths and Realities of

Development

• Import Substitution

• Structural Adjustment

• International Financial Institutions

• Foreign Aid

• Microcredit

Feedback• Relatively few have access to television due to

poverty• About 1 in 3,000 has internet access• Many third world countries do not have a free

press available; authoritarian regimes censor the news

• Patron-client networks and other “traditional” institutions provide critical feedback “services,” reinforcing the patrons’ strength and their clients’ dependency.

• Mass media used to stimulate ethnic conflict

Democratization

• Political socialization

• Legitimacy

• Fortune and misfortune

• Capitalism

• Globalization