Chapter 11-1864 Notes (2010 Version)

7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1864 Notes (2010 Version)

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U.S. Grant and Total Warfare

March 9, 1864- Lincoln places U.S. Grantat the head of the Northern Army

Grant decided to use Total Warfaretactics Unrelenting drive to apply pressure at all

points of the Confederacy no matter the

cost in troops and supplies Complete destruction of Southern-owned

property including homes, farmland, andagricultural stores


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Total Warfare

Grant knew this style of warfare

would bring the South to theirknees as they were alreadyfeeling the pinch of a lack oftroops, supplies, clothing, andfood

Idea was to get civilians to begtheir government for surrender


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The Wilderness Campaign May, 1864- Grant

led a three-pronged attack

against theConfederates inthe Shenandoah

Valley on his wayto Richmond


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The Wilderness Campaign-Spotsylvania Courthouse, May, 1864 Eleven days of intense fighting ended in a

stalemate with heavy casualties

General Philip Sheridan simultaneouslycommanded Union cavalry raids towardsRichmond that resulted in the death of

Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart atYellow Tavern

Afterwards Grant marched his armysouth to continue the offensive


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The Wilderness Campaign-Cold Harbor, June 1864 Strategic crossroads on the way to

Richmond where Lee established a

defense Grant sent 14 frontal assaults on Lees

position resulting in massive Unioncasualties each time being repulsed by

Lees army Grant saw it as a success because he

inflicted heavy casualties upon theConfederates as well


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The Wilderness Campaign-Petersburg, June 1864 Grant abandoned his battle plans and

attempted a stealthy invasion against a

rail city (Petersburg) 25 miles south ofRichmond Beauregard put up a great defense of the

city until Lee arrived with reinforcements Grant surrounds Petersburg and lays

siege to the city Lee is trapped


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The Wilderness Campaign-Lees Shenandoah Diversion Lee sent General Jubal Early on the

offensive against Union forces in the

Shenandoah Valley to divert the Unionsfocus from Petersburg Union General David Hunter is defeated

General Early had successfully rid the

Shenandoah Valley of Union troops General Early then attempted an assault

on Washington, D.C. (again, to divertGrants attention from Petersburg)


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The Wilderness Campaign-Sheridan in the Shenandoah Early marched his army to the outskirts

of the northern capital, but eventuallyretreated back to Virginia because he felthis army was too small and weak to attack

Grant replaces General Hunter with

Major General Philip Sheridan whodefeated Early at Opequon and FishersHill (September, 1864)


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The Wilderness Campaign-Battle of the Crater, July 1864 Coal miners from Pennsylvaniavolunteered to dig a tunnel to a point

under the Confederate fort at Petersburg They placed a large charge of explosives

at the end of the tunnel under Petersburgand blew a hole in the fortifications

Union soldiers drove into the gapprovided by the explosion, but following

waves of troops were disorganized Confederates were able to regain the

sector of Petersburg by the afternoon


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The Wilderness Campaign-Cedar Hill, October 1864 General Early (CSA) sneak attacks

Sheridans army to displace them from

the Shenandoah Valley Sheridan was miles from the battlefield

and rode to rally his disorganized andbroken troops to victory

Sheridan gains control of the ShenandoahValley and proceeds to lay waste toeverything in the region using scorchedearth tactics


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The Wilderness Campaign-Fall of the South Back at Petersburg, Grant had

immobilized Lees dwindling army

Lee knew that if he left the trenches ofPetersburg that Grant would overwhelmhim in an open battlefield because of

superior number of troops, so he stayedput


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The Wilderness Campaign-Fall of the South

Grant continued his siege of

Petersburg for the remainder ofthe year as his troop strengthcontinued to grow from

reinforcements and Lees werestarving, sick, and tired


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Shermans March to the Sea

Fall 1864 Grant gave General William Tecumseh

Sherman the task of penetrating the Deep

South Sherman utilized Total Warfare tactics

destroying everything in his path Captured Atlanta in September 1864

Most important rail center of the Deep South Assured Lincolns presidential victory in 1864

as the war seemed to be coming to a successfulend


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Shermans March to the Sea

Fall 1864 November 1864- Sherman leaves Atlanta

in flames and marches towards the sea in

a 60-mile wide path of destruction

Estimated damage to Southern propertywas around $100 million

December 1864- Sherman presentedSavannah to Lincoln as a Christmaspresent


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Election of 1864

National Union Party- Abraham Lincoln

Included War Democrats

Democrat Party- George McClellan

Radical Republican Party- John Fremont

Lincoln won the electorate vote 212 to 21

Chapter 11-1864 Notes (2010 Version)

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