Chapter 11 & 12 testReview

DNA is copied during a process called

•replication.

• transcription.

• translation.

• transformation.

In eukaryotes, DNA

• is located in the nucleus.• is located in the ribosomes.• floats freely in the cytoplasm.

• is circular.

What happens during the process of translation?

• Messenger RNA is made from DNA.

• The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.

• Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA.

• Copies of DNA molecules are made.

RNA contains the sugar

•ribose.

•glucose.

•deoxyribose.

• lactose.

What is produced during transcription?

•RNA molecules

•RNA polymerase

•DNA molecules

•proteins

What does this show?

Which RNA molecule carries amino acids?

•messenger RNA

•ribosomal RNA

•transfer RNA

•RNA polymerase

What are Mendel’s factors called today?

•Alleles•Genes•traits•characters

Genes contain instructions for assembling

•purines.

•proteins.

•nucleosomes.

•pyrimidines.

A mutation that involves a single nucleotide is called a(an)

•chromosomal mutation.•point mutation.• inversion.• translocation.

The principle of dominance states that

• all alleles are dominant.

• all alleles are recessive.

• some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.

• alleles are neither dominant nor recessive.

Two plants with the genotypes TT and Tt

• would have the same phenotype.

• have all dominant alleles.• would have different

phenotypes.• have all recessive alleles.

What principle states that during gamete formation genes for

different traits separate without influencing each other’s

inheritance? • principle of dominance

• principle of independent assortment

• principle of probabilities

• principle of segregation

Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said

to be

•hybrid.•Heterozygous.•homozygous.•dominant.

RY Ry rY ry

RY RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy Seed ShapeR = Round r = Wrinkled

RrYy Ry RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy Seed ColorY = Yellow y = GreenrY RrYY RrYy rrYY rrYy

ry RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy

The Punnett square in Figure 11-5 shows that the gene for

pea shape and the gene for pea color

• assort independently.

• are linked.

• have the same alleles.

• are always homozygous.

RrYy

The number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the

symbol•2N.

•N.

•X.

•Y.

Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called

•multiple alleles.•codominant alleles.• incomplete dominance.•multiple genes.

Gametes are produced by the process of

•mitosis.•crossing-over.•meiosis.•replication.

Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of

•diploid cells.•2N daughter cells.•haploid cells.•body cells.

What is shown in Figure?

• independent assortment

• crossing-over

• anaphase I of meiosis

• incomplete dominance

Traits that are produced by the interaction of several genes are

said to be

•polygenic.•haploid.•Codominant.•diploid.

Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code?

•rRNA•mRNA•tRNA•RNA polymerase

Offspring that result from crosses between true-breeding parents with

different traits

• are true-breeding.

• make up the parental generation.

• make up the F2 generation.

• are called hybrids.

Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to

•plants only.•pea plants only.•animals only.•all organisms.

In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant. Short plants

reappeared in the F2 generation because

• some of the F2 plants produced gametes that carried the allele for shortness.

• the allele for shortness is dominant.• the allele for shortness and the allele for

tallness segregated when the F1 plants produced gametes.

• they inherited an allele for shortness from one parent and an allele for tallness from the other parent.

Punnett square shows all of the following EXCEPT

• all possible results of a genetic cross.

• the genotypes of the offspring.• the alleles in the gametes of each

parent.• the actual results of a genetic

cross.

If an organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is

•12.•24.•6.•3.

During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed

• that is complementary to both strands of DNA.

• that is complementary to neither strand of DNA.

• that is double-stranded.• inside the nucleus.

Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of

• two genetically identical diploid cells.• four genetically different haploid

cells.• four genetically identical haploid

cells.• two genetically different diploid cells.

Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?

• ribose + phosphate group + thymine

• ribose + phosphate group + uracil• deoxyribose + phosphate group +

uracil• deoxyribose + phosphate group +

cytosine

During mitosis, the

• DNA molecules unwind.• histones and DNA molecules

separate.• DNA molecules become more

tightly coiled.• nucleosomes become less tightly

packed.

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,

• each with two new strands.• one with two new strands and the

other with two original strands.• each with one new strand and one

original strand.• each with two original strands.

Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis?

• transfer RNA only• messenger RNA only• ribosomal RNA and transfer

RNA only• messenger RNA, ribosomal

RNA, and transfer RNA

Which of the following is NOT a gene mutation?

•Inversion•Deletion•Insertion•substitution

Unlike DNA, RNA contains

•adenine.•phosphate groups.•uracil.•thymine.

Good Luck and Study Hard!!!