Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 7 Section 1 Chapter 8 Sections 2 & 3.
Chapter 10 Section 5 and Chapter 11 Sections 1-3.
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Transcript of Chapter 10 Section 5 and Chapter 11 Sections 1-3.
NOTES ON AKS 39Chapter 10 Section 5 and Chapter
11 Sections 1-3
World War I1914-1918
Allied Powers Leading Countries
Central Powers Leading Countries
FranceGreat BritainRussia(United States joined in 1917)
GermanyAustria-Hungary
President Woodrow Wilson declared the US would be a neutral country.
What was WW 1 fighting like? http://
www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/trenchesmiddle.pdf
Eugene Jacques Bullard
First black African American combat pilot – from Columbus, GA
Enlisted in French Foreign Legion: 1914 Flew combat missions against Germany US Army Air Force refused his services
The United States Enters the War
President Wilson worked to keep the US out of the war (had declared we would be neutral)
1915: German submarine sank passenger ship Lusitania killing 128 Americans
1917: sub attacks resumed sinking American ships
Zimmerman telegram: Germany tried to get Mexico to attack the US
Wilson finally joined the Allied powers
Georgia and World War I ±100,000 Georgians volunteered to join the
US armed forces Training in Georgia at Camp Benning, Fort
McPherson, and Camp Gordon helped Georgia economy
Georgians contributed manufactured goods and farm produce
3,000 young Georgians killed in the war Ended November 11, 1918
Atlanta Fire
On May 21, 1917, Atlanta’s attention was briefly drawn away from the war because of a local event.
Lasted 10-12 hours Seventy city blocks destroyed 6,000-10,000 people left homeless http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/atlanta_fi
re
Section 1: The Roaring Twenties
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:What made the 1920s ‘roaring’?
The New Woman 1920 – 19th Amendment gave women the right to
vote More women in the workforce Flappers: name given to women who took on the
new fashion – known for short hair, make-up, dancing, drinking
First women in Georgia legislature: Bessie Kempton Crowell & Viola Ross Napier
Rebecca Latimer Felton first woman in U.S. Senate
Music
Speakeasies: clubs known for having liquor (which was illegal)
Jazz: became popular music – Louis Armstrong & Duke Ellington
Cotton Club in Harlem NY most famous jazz club
Blues: based on black folk music – Ma Rainey & Bessie Smith
The Charleston was the popular dance
Crime Prohibition: laws made sale and distribution of
alcohol illegal Gangsters supplied liquor to speakeasies and clubs Famous gangsters from New York and Chicago: Al
Capone; Baby Face Nelson Al Capone: “Public Enemy No. 1” (Imprisoned in
Atlanta)
Life in the Roaring Twenties
Life in US after World War I was good More modern conveniences (products) freed
women from household chores (instant and frozen foods)
Electricity became more available (small electric appliances)
Other inventions included gas stoves, toasters, sliced bread, baby food
Radio: WSB started in Atlanta 1927: first talking motion picture Walt Disney creates Mickey Mouse
http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/voice_of_the_south
The Destruction of King Cotton
Boll weevil: insect which ate Georgia’s most important cash crop
Price of cotton also dropped 1924: major drought (period with little or no
rain) hit Georgia Georgia farmers did not have the “good life”
that many Americans enjoyed Farms closed forcing banks and farm-related
business to close
The Boll Weevil
Small, gray, long-snouted beetle that came from Mexico through Texas
Destroyed cotton -it hatched in the flower and the larvae ate the white, fluffy cotton-making it useless
1915-Arrived in SW GA spreading quickly and destroying thousands of acres of cotton
1914-Cotton production was 2.8 million bales
1923-Cotton production dropped to 600,000 bales
Drought 1924-sun-baked fields slowed the boll weevil Drought ruined most crops in the southwest and
midwest 375,000 farm workers left GA between 1920 and
1925 310,000 farms fell to 250,000 farms When farms failed-banks took huge losses Farm-related businesses closed The U.S. was in a deep depression. The boll weevil
and the drought were contributing factors.
The Great Migration Many tenant farmers left Georgia to work in
northern factories Chicago and Detroit were popular
destinations Many African Americans moved north for
better pay, education, and more citizenship rights such as voting
Young men sent north first to get jobs; sent for the family when they had saved enough money
The Klan Strengthens
Targeted African Americans, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants
Number of members increased in every state 1925: Klan march on Washington with
40,000 members Declining membership by the end of the
decade as members were linked to racial terrorism
A Special Day
1927: Charles Lindbergh became first person to fly nonstop from New York to Paris
3,600 mile trip, 33 ½ hours – traveled alone No navigation or weather instruments Won $25,000 prize “Spirit of St. Louis” was his plane
Section 2:The Great Depression
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONHow did the Great Depression
affect Georgians?
The Bottom Drops Out Stock Market: Place where shares of ownership
in corporations (stock) are bought and sold “Black Tuesday” – October 29, 1929: Stock
market prices fall greatly; millions of people loose all their wealth
Total losses by end of year: $40 billion Example: U.S. Steel was $262 per share –
dropped to $22 per share Some stocks worth less than 1¢ Herbert Hoover was President when the stock
market crashed.
Causes of the Depression Many people borrowed too much money (they could not
afford to pay it back) Factories produced more goods than they could sell Farmers had produced a surplus of food crops (prices
fell) After WWI, high tariffs made it difficult to trade with
foreign countries. As people and businesses had problems making
money, banks did not get paid for loans “Speculation” in the stock market: paying only a portion
of the price of a stock hoping that the value will go up Runs on banks: people were afraid they would lose
their money if it was left in the bank (BANKS FAILED) laissez-faire: attitude that the economy would fix itself if
left alone
Living Through the Depression
1932: 13 million unemployed 9,000 banks closed 31 Georgia banks failed Hoovervilles: named for President Hoover –
shacks where homeless people gathered Soup kitchens set up by charities and
governments to feed hungry Schools were often forced to close or shorten
schedules Georgians were already suffering from economic
problems before Black Tuesday
Easing the Burden President Hoover’s plan: government would buy
farmer’s crops to help raise the price Plan did not work, but the food and cotton were used
to help the needy Another plan was to hire unemployed people to do
work for the government Plan did not employ enough people to really help
http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/great_depression
Section 3: The New Deal
ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did Georgians benefit from the New Deal?
The New Deal 1932: Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR)
elected president New Deal: Roosevelt’s plan to end the depression
Examined banks for soundness Give jobs to unemployed workers (relieve the suffering
of the jobless) Tried to improve American’s lives (wanted to improve
the standard of living for all Americans) Paved the way for economic recovery (though all
programs did not work) FDR changed many of the ways the government
functioned- the first federal income tax began He lived in a cottage in Warm Springs, GA
The New Deal
FDR established many agencies to help farmers, bankers, and children.
Securities and Exchange, National Labor Relations, Child Labor laws, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation were aimed at reforming businesses and protecting the public from financial ruin and unfair practices.
FDR closed the banks to keep people from taking their money out
New Deal Agencies
Georgia and the New Deal
NIRA: National Industrial Recovery Act – set minimum wage
Textile mill owners did not like the minimum wage
Stretch out: mill owners tried to make workers work longer, faster, or more tasks
TVA: Tennessee Valley Authority – Blue Ridge Lake, Lake Chatuge, Lake Nottley built
CCC: Civilian Conservation Corps – built many parks, sewer systems, bridges, etc.
REA: Rural Electrification Authority – brought electric power to rural areas
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Provided jobs for young single men-building forest trails/roads, planting trees to reforest the land/control flooding, building parks
CCC was popular in GA because of its work at Kennesaw Mtn. Nat’l Battlefield Park, Roosevelt State Park (Pine Mountain), Augusta’s Savannah River Levee, and Macon’s Airport
Construction of sewer systems and flood control/drainage projects such as Tybee Island’s Seawall
The CCC worked to build, expand, or improve schools and hospitals throughout the state. Much of the work on Grady Hospital was done by CCC.
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Created in March 1933 Paid farmers not to plant crops
on part of their land “price supports”-guaranteed
higher prices-to farmers who cut back their cotton and tobacco crops
The idea was to “raise prices by cutting production” The plan worked and farm incomes improved.
Major drawback: Farm “subsidies” (grants of money from the gov’t) went to landowners rather than tenant farmers and poor sharecroppers
Rural Electrification Authority (REA) One of the most “Important and far –
reaching” of the New Deal programs. 1920’s power companies ran lines to
towns and cities Rural population too spread out-power
lines were expensive to build and maintain President Roosevelt spent hot nights in
Warm Springs, GA. He realized his neighbors had no electricity. His power bill for the little cottage was higher than his New York mansion. In 1935 he created the REA.
REA brought electricity to farms and rural homes.
By 1940, a large percentage of farmers had electric water pumps, lights, and milking machines. This made life easier for farm families.
Social Security 1935 Congress passed the
Social Security Act Federal Gov’t would provide
retirement and unemployment insurance from taxes paid by both workers and their employers.
Farmers were not covered Social Security …”will give some
measure of protection to the average citizen and to his family against the loss of a job and against poverty-ridden old age.”
This program is still used today!
African Americans During the New Deal
Did not benefit from many New Deal programs WPA: Works Public Administration – did
employ many African Americans Roosevelt’s “Black Cabinet”: influential African
Americans working with President Roosevelt: Mary McLeod Bethune Clark Foreman Robert Weaver William Hastie
Georgia’s New Deal Governors
Richard B. Russell Worked to reorganize state government
like a successful business Elected to U.S. Senate and served for
38 years Eugene Talmadge
Did not like New Deal programs in Georgia
Eurith “Ed” Rivers Worked with Roosevelt to increase New
Deal spending in Georgia Began programs for public housing Term ended with corruption problems
Georgia’s New Deal Governors Talmadge re-elected in 1940
Began to use some New Deal programs
Used his power as governor to remove state officials working to integrate Georgia’s state colleges
Ellis Arnall Reformed Board of Regents and
state prisons Removed poll tax New state constitution
Impact of Political Career of Eugene Talmadge
Told rural voters they had 3 friends-”Sears Roebuck, God Almighty, and Eugene Herman Talmadge”
Conservative, white supremacist, against Federal Intervention for relief efforts and public welfare.
Tried to “rid” GA of New Deal programs Used federal $ to build highways, reduce property taxes, utility
rates, and some license fees.
Impact of Political Career of Eugene Talmadge
1934 Re-elected Governor by a “landslide” Any government officials who disagreed with ET
were fired and replaced with his supporters. He refused to follow New Deal regulations so the
Federal Government took over the ND program in GA.
1934 During GA’s worst textile strike, Talmadge declared Martial Law and called out the National Guard to arrest strikers.
Impact of Political Career of Eugene Talmadge
1940 Ran for governor again-won. Began using modified versions of “New Deal”
legislation. The state’s economy grew. He was involved in a scandal trying to stop integration
of UGA and GA Southern College by getting some people fired.
The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools voted to take away accreditation of white GA colleges.
Eugene Talmadge served four terms as the governor of Georgia.
He was elected by the farmers of Georgia because of the county unit system of voting.
He was opposed to FDR’s reforms because he did not want big government controlling people’s lives.
Great Depression and New Deal
Great Depression Stories http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpfY8kh5lU
w 26 minutes
New Deal Government Newsreel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wF80co_Y_
Bc 10 minutes